Layout's Studying Notes

最近学习html5小计

2012-01-28T23:36:00.000-08:00

简单看了一些html5相关的内容包括：

典型标签

storage

但还需要更深入的学习，不能浅尝辄止。

2012-01-10 21:39: 需要继续学习，推荐书籍：

http://www.w3school.com.cn/html5/

http://developer.51cto.com/art/200907/133407.htm

http://www.mhtml5.com/

http://www.mhtml5.com/ppt

http://www.cnblogs.com/svage/ 一个博客，有不少写html5的学习过程

争取在5天内将上述书籍看完，并总结相关经验。

websocket:

1.通过js与服务端直接建立socket进行通讯，目的替代ajax和 comet技术；

2.通讯的内容可以是二进制流和文本；

3.通讯创建过程很简单，使用浏览器的原生socket，性能有保障；

4.jetty7有WebSocketServlet的实现：http://www.cnblogs.com/svage/archive/2011/11/24 /2262008.html，有一个sample介绍如何通过eclips+jetty+websocket进行通讯，实现了从服务端进行多线程与客户端通讯。

5.firefox,chrome对websocket的支持目前已经比较好，opera貌似还不支持，可以通过：window.WebSocket.prototype 查看

少年游-林清玄

2011-04-01T09:01:00.001-07:00

断鸿声里

是如何的一种感觉?在小巷独步，偶然抬头，别人院墙里的凤凰花探出簇簇火红，而那种花是几年没见的，故乡生长的植物。

凤凰花这种植物喜欢展现自己的红色，仿佛他就是为离别而生的。年少时喜欢粘凤凰花成一只只蝶，登上高楼去随风散放，它旋转飘落的姿态曾经赢得许多童稚的笑声，往事就也像这些蝶一只只飘去，它们纵使旋落的姿态各不相同，终究都会消逝了。

想起凤凰花，遂想起平生未尽的志事；想起凤凰花，遂想起非梧不栖的凤凰。凤凰花何以要取用"凤凰"的名?这样，老是教人在离绪充溢时，会幻想自己竟是高飞的凤凰，在黑夜将尽时即将展翼呢。

《诗经.大雅》说的："凤凰鸣矣，于彼高岗；梧桐生矣，于彼朝阳。不经意就浮起一幕深浅分明的影像；一只神鸟翩翩然昂立高岗，振翅欲起；象征高洁的梧桐树则在朝阳面前，展露挺挺然的面貌。一位少年，一向喜爱梧桐一向倾慕凤凰，蓦然一抬眼，望见凤凰花开离期将届，自己不禁想幻化成一株梧桐以便面对朝阳，或是一只凤凰以便寒立高岗；或甚至以为自己竟已是一只凤凰，立于高岗的梧桐树上；或是呀！一只清灵的凤凰一展翼，就点破了天蓝!

可是远处若有若无时断时续的骊唱屡屡歌着，如同一首民谣的和声，那么清清玄玄的蜿蜒在主曲里，明明知道不重要，那一首唱过千余日的歌谣，若没有结尾的一小段唱合，也会黯然失色了。

于是凤凰花激起的不仅仅是童年成蝶化蝶的记忆，而是少年梦凤化凰的一段惜情。如火的花的印象配上轻唱的骊声，敲醒了少年的梦境，惊觉到自己既不是凤凰神鸟，也非朝阳梧桐。终于在碎梦中瞧见自己的面容，原来只是一个少年，原来只是一段惊梦。

若干年来死生以赴的求知生活竟然就要过去，没有丝毫痕迹，正如大鸿过处，啼声宛然在耳，纵是啼声已断，却留下来一片感人的凄楚。而个梦凤化凰的少年，也只是像别人静静地等待分离，在日落前的山头站着，要把斜阳站成夜色，只有夜黑也只有夜黑，才能减去白日凤凰花余影的红艳吧！

英雄系马，壮士磨剑

夏天，天总是喜欢下雨，而我总是不爱撑伞，任身子淋得湿淋淋，也不喜欢擦拭，也许我独爱那种凉凉的贴切，也许，我是让它淋着心里的苦涩吧。

从那条幽幽的长巷走回来，围墙里的建筑工人喜爱快乐地吹口哨，不成曲不成调舒泰的吹着，在雨中竟吹成一路的凄迷，把夏的雨日也吹的象是深秋的样子，一丝丝穿雨而过。那原是流行着的低俗的曲子，却在高空尖锐地回着旋着，我抬眼望，只看见他们模糊的身影正砌着一块一块的砖头，想望也望不清楚什么。

有几次，我借靠路灯沿路走回家，那因为夜晚，只静寂的听见几种虫唱，唧唧啾啾，唧唧啾啾。我竟怀念起白日听到的低俗口哨呢。于是我只有自己影单单的吹着厂夜色却把它割成零碎，任如何也想不起前一刻吹的是哪一曲―，所以我突然想起童年妈妈教我唱过的一首儿歌一首很好听的调子，却怎么也唱不出声，倒是妈妈的影子来得清晰，伴我静静地走着夜路。

妈妈是最怕下雨了，她爱叮咛我撑伞，我瞒着她将伞置在家里，跑到溪畔去玩水，看一条水涨成一片水，我们舞成许多水花。回家又喜欢撒谎，说是忘了带，说是出来时刚好没有下雨，甚至抱怨那把纸伞已然那么破旧了，因此屁股上常是一片红云。如今每下雨被淋到，就想到那把破旧的油纸伞，在没有人逼着撑伞时，才深切觉到妈妈的爱。我知道家前那道小小溪水一定还流，只是不知道有多少稚子还瞒妈妈到溪畔玩水，玩成一朵朵水花。

一直到妈妈不再叮咛下雨打把油纸伞，而是叮咛自己浪游应注意的琐务，才知道自己已然长大了。

今天雨下得很大，我走在没有人的街中巷内，突然想起一些旧事。夜深了，我就坐在阑干上仰望天际，月亮星星都钻出云来，星空夜静，余雨未息，我知道明天一定天好，遂忆起往日爱唱的一首诗：一切都老了，一切都抹上风沙的锈，百年前英雄系马的地方，百年前壮士磨剑的地方，这儿我黯然地卸了鞍，历史的锁啊没有钥匙，我的行囊也没有剑。要一个铿锵的梦吧，趁月色，我传下悲戚的《将军令》，自琴弦......这样我就轻轻地唱起这首歌来，心中只想到庄严和悲壮。一个边地的"残堡"，看不到英雄系马看不到壮士磨剑看不到笙歌樵唱，只有一轮将西的夕阳挥洒它的残红，而一个卸了鞍的游子目睹这种景象，哪怕是铁石心肠，恐怕也要黯然吧。

近来读书，经常十分敏感，竟会不自觉就呆着，过后一想，当时眼里一定是迷茫一片，看不清自己的河源，也不知自己的前路，那份感觉一直走入内里走入中间，等我回顾它即刻就泛滥了，就是不回顾，也知道它细细地流过我的内里我的中间，洗涤得一片清澈。知道自己花初叶嫩，总也经担不起那条河流，一阵一阵地激荡。

或许我离开此地若干年后，还是喜欢淋雨，到那里那时，就连建筑工人唱的郑声，也会被想成雅乐吧。

江湖夜雨十年灯

江湖夜雨十年灯，传说中，古时候的侠士都是佩着一把剑行走江湖的。

又传说中有一种武士，他们虽然练剑，身上却不带剑。他们随时都可以以一根筷子一茎稻草代剑器，甚至可以伤人至死，因此一定要佩剑才能使剑的，已经沦入第二流了。

传说虽只是传说，终究是有所本、不无几分道理，因为剑术练到出神入化，剑气敛于胸中，举手投足间总有几多威力，闪闪逼人，也就是"化身入剑"的境界了。

一把吴钩剑一把七星剑一把龙凤剑都是许多少年梦寐以求的，仿佛是一剑在手就能锄奸去恶无往不利。我也是一个少年，也喜爱拥有一把剑，只要有一把小小的剑，就会引来千古常新的遐思。

或许有几分轻狂，终究是真切的，还有什么比手里拿一把剑更美妙的事?

有时候兀自在夜黑中行着，将大街走成一条细细的小巷，那种苍凉古朴的细致便猛然升起，于是想舞剑想舞成朵朵剑花，此样的感情一旦升起，就随着月下的独影一直长到远方去，止也止不住，可是长夜将尽，发现囊中已经遗失了剑簇，任是豪气干云，在无人的空巷内在无声的凄寂里在黯淡的夜色中，即是呼风唤雨的手扬起，最多也只是一种无效的手势吧。

有一回也是夜黑，还夹杂沉默的细雨，走着夜路仿佛走着自己的发自己的影子自己的情调，在自己的生命上舞跃着，才知道自己那么剑侠那么李白那么无所不在"十五好剑术，偏千诸侯；三十成文章，历抵卿相；白虽身不满七尺，而心雄万夫，王公大臣许以义气......"李白就这样说着他飘然的诗思也就在旷茫的气势里点化出来。如果说李白的诗歌有什么成就，他胸中那把剑所阐扬出来的气韵，应是最主要的原因了。

当我回顾，十年，不断地胸中便有一把正气之剑，叶着自己的叶花自己的花结自己的果子，所坚执的也便是，生命成自己的生命。那种不知道藏拙的锋芒，是不是一种挥霍呢?

我真的不肯相信是一种痛苦，也许剑被磨钝了，也许我是一本摊开扉页的书，但是在苦读书中的文字篇章时我害怕，也惊喜，由于翻过的页中有太多的叹息才害怕，由于后来的篇章里显示着精彩的未知才惊喜。知道自己所走的路是一条不馁的路，微小的感触已然难以遮掩它们的不足道。

真的不怕我真的不怕将自己的历史以苍凉的姿态展现出来，或许那样可以成为瞩望将来，但永不忘记过去的人。可是我真怕中夜的偶然凝伫，因为我看到的不只是我自己，而是一叶鲜红的秋海棠，以及它五千年前的创痛。

当然有一天我会庆幸"这辈子总算没有白活"，可是此时此刻多年来回忆的凄美，总教我轻轻朗诵自己喜爱自己填的词：想当年带剑江湖，气吞万里如虎；到如今十年夜雨，醉来时响空弦!

一块里程碑

那块里程碑说着说着，它就来了。

分离的神伤若欲雨前的黑云无边无涯地罩下，努力地压抑艰苦地想忘却，它竟毫不留情的在静脉中静静地流着。或者已经等待了太多的夜晚，或者要考验情意的坚挚，离别的伤悲由你的眼底汩汩闪现，在无意蓝而自蓝的天色下，我由泪哭诉出我的爱，说不出心里层层叠叠的颤动。

喜爱荷花浅蓝的韵致，你兴奋地翻墙跑来告诉，山脚的小湖有满湖的荷，我们乃撑一把小小花伞冒着大雨匆匆在泥泞的田路上奔跑，为了看荷花只为了看荷，就激起共同的欢乐。

站在小湖畔，是有荷却没有开花，我们都有失望。

"没有荷花，荷叶也漂亮，摘一片荷叶回去是一样的。"你说。就是嘴角那一抹轻浅笑意，使裤管溅满泥泞也丝毫不在意，回来后全身湿透，看手上的荷叶相顾大笑，久久不能止息。

有一次记得是黄昏，送你归家回来的路上，遥远处山中的教堂正敲出悠扬嘹亮的钟声，随后是一段浓得化不开重得往下沉的暮乐，低沉得似是由远天那头传来。我深深被那像极中古世纪的乐音感动，竟坐在家前。阶梯倾听；思维被紧紧系着，一条线千里迢迢追随你的余影。后来好多次也是送你回家归来，也是同样一曲教堂乐音，依依的心情却一层加深一层，呵，分离真叫人散魄，凌晨里教学也有音乐，却如何也比不上斜阳下暮曲所荡漾的情绪呀。

或然我这一去会到很远很远的地方，或然每一次秋季会暖暖地滑进来，或然我甚至去追寻一群北雁。我的每一个足音却都相信：只要有风有云，我们曾经一起拥有的不仅是回忆，而是延续；只要有声音的地方，你的声音将恒常响在耳际。

我就即将远扬，在向你诉说时，得以有机会遥望自己生命的既往和来兹，那条坎坷的少年游途上，每一段都立着一块里程碑，里中最古老最完整最美丽最长久的一块，清晰分明地刻着你的名字，以及我不朽的爱。

网络广告形式 CPM、CPC、CPA、CPS、CPT

2010-03-12T01:43:00.000-08:00

CPM（按展示付费）

CPM―英文全称Cost Per Thousand Impression。CPM是一种展示付费广告，只要展示了广告主的广告内容，广告主就为此付费。这种广告的效果不是很好，但是却能给有一定流量的网站、博客带来稳定的收入。只做CPM广告的联盟不是很多，像太极联盟就有CPM广告。

CPC（按点击付费）

CPC―英文全称Cost Per Click；Cost Per Thousand Click-Through。CPC是一种点击付费广告，根据广告被点击的次数收费。如关键词广告一般采用这种定价模式，比较典型的有Google广告联盟的AdSense for Content和百度联盟的百度竞价广告。

CPA（按行为付费）

CPA―英文全称Cost Per Action。CPA是一种按广告投放实际效果计价方式的广告，即按回应的有效问卷或定单来计费，而不限广告投放量。CPA的计价方式对于网站而言有一定的风险，但若广告投放成功，其收益也比CPM的计价方式要大得多。国内最好的CPA广告联盟当属CHANet成果网。

CPS（按销售付费）

CPS―英文全称Cost Per Sales。CPS是一种以实际销售产品数量来计算广告费用的广告，这种广告更多的适合购物类、导购类、网址导航类的网站，需要精准的流量才能带来转化。卓越网站联盟、当当网站联盟当属这种广告形式的典型代表。

CPT（按时长付费）

CPT―英文全称Cost Per Time。 CPT是一种以时间来计费的广告，国内很多的网站都是按照"一个月多少钱"这种固定收费模式来收费的，这种广告形式很粗糙，无法保障客户的利益。但是CPT的确是一种很省心的广告，能给你的网站、博客带来稳定的收入。阿里妈妈的按周计费广告和门户网站的包月广告都属于这种CPT广告。

广告形式的变化体现了互联网广告发展的趋势，即：广告永远朝着广告主利益和效果最大化的方向发展。作为站长，我们要做的只是做好自己的站，选择最好的广告联盟而已！

[fwd]到底有多少面向BI的数据库

2010-02-20T02:04:00.000-08:00

BI作为一个方兴未艾的领域, 在我们还没来得及数清到底有多少BI 工具提供商的时候, 大大小小的专门面向BI的数据仓库解决方案已经进入竞争激烈的市场, 其中不乏传统的数据库大鳄,更有不少新兴的创业公司,当然也少不了开源数据库厂商的参与.除开传统的商业智能方面数据库四大天王:teradata , oracle,ibm, microsoft 之外, 也有不少后期之秀不断挑战,像是我们熟知的"以列为导向的"Sybase IQ . 除开我们众所周知的明星之外, 下面介绍一些大家不太熟悉的有潜力的挑战者, 让我们开始这场选秀活动吧(Rock and Roll) :!

Garnter 的数据库魔力四象限

我们看到最接近Sybase IQ 的Netezza 公司是非常有实力的挑战者之一 , 它的主要特点就是面向商业智能并且专注于商业智能领域的应用,其主要产品为Netezza Performance Server系列数据仓库专用设备，为了能够分析商业数据，其数据仓库专用设备中整合了数据库、服务器和存储等各项功能, 你可能对这家公司不太熟悉,但是这家成立于2000年的公司早已经是中高端市场的老大了, 早已经是混的风声水起,即使是Oracle Open World 大会上,oracle 与hp 推出了硬件和软件组合的两款Exadata Programmable Storage Server 和HP Oracle Database Machine , Netezza 一样毫不含糊, 立刻展开针对这个组合的宣传,Netezza is fast, Netezza has more processing power, Netezza handles analytics inside the box,netezza is integrated in one box,from one vendor, netezza needs no tunning or indexing, 甚至打出了连圣诞老人都想要netazza 的广告, 专门针对oracle 销售策略,俨然一副我是老大,就算你是oracle 和hp 跟我抢食也要看你有几分斤两.

公司网址:http://www.netezza.com/

Greenplum 也是非常耀眼的新星之一 , 其首要目标就是直指PB 级别的超大型数据仓库, 其shared-nothing 的架构更是不像Teradata 和netezza 一样需要专属高端硬件配合, 任何Intel , AMD 芯片的普通服务器都能很容易的搭建集群环境, SQL Parallel Process + MapReduce 技术优势更是其宣传的最大卖点,Teredata 共有5家客户达到PB 级别,其中ebay 和walmart 的级别更是2PB 和 1.1 PB , Greenplum 这个运行在普通PC Server 上通过集群的高性能数据库相信在不久的将来也会很快有真正的PB 级别的案例产生. 在获得Sun ,SAP 等公司的风投后共获得4200万美元资金,更在中国建立合作伙伴关系开发国内市场,SUN 更是直言不讳的想通过Greenplum 的优势杀入商业智能市场,带动其服务器,储存和Solaris 的销售, 国内的淘宝团队也开始考虑使用greenplum + hadoop 的技术构建商业智能平台, 它不仅支持SQL、MapReduce、R、Pythons 等编程语言,新的3.2 功能还增加了GUI , 性能管理器的功能. 如果你嫌Teredata 和 Oracle RAC 太昂贵的话, Greenplum 一定在你构建超大型数据仓库的考虑范围之内. 注意它虽然构建在Postgresql 之上,但是数据库本身是闭源的商业产品, 因为Postgresql 是BSD license 的.

首页: http://www.greenplum.com

http://rdc.taobao.com/blog/dw/archives/category/greenplum

淘宝的一些greenplum 研究.

DATAllegro 是一家已经被microsoft 收购的公司,为了补充SQL Server 在商业智能方面的应用. 它同时也提供专属的硬件,microsoft 收购之后已经着手进行整合,产品的最终版本可能要到2010年上半年才能面世. 数据库的规模大概在百T左右.

http://www.datallegro.com/

Kognitio是一家提供数据仓库主机托管解决方案提供商（APS）,第一次进入Gartner , 主要市场针对UK.

http://www.kognitio.com

Sand Technology 是一家加拿大的公司,主要市场在UK,Germany , US. 也是基于列的数据库, 主要强调用廉价的低速磁盘获得可接受的查询性能.

http://www.sand.com/

http://www.dbms2.com/2008/12/16/introduction-to-sand-technology/

除了能够上Garnter 的一些厂商之外,还有很多商业产品都各自有其技术优势: 像是Clearpace 比较强调数据归档和压缩,查询性能也能够与Oracle 匹敌(当然没有Netezza 那么肯定的强调) .

还有vertica , 也是强调基于列和网格的数据库,也能进行高性能的分析查询.运行于普通的硬件上,大客户包括JP Morgan Chase 等,Vmware 上还有一个装好的vertica analytic database 虚拟机给你玩, 它的ETL 性能测试还刷新的新的ETL记录,一小时转载了5.4TB 的数据.

http://www.vmware.com/appliances/directory/1266

vmware 虚拟机的下载地址.

kickfire 一家基于mysql 数据库,但是面向商业智能的基于列的数据库提供商.

还有太多就不一一列举了

http://www.paraccel.com

http://db.cs.yale.edu/hstore/

http://www.asterdata.com

http://www.exasol.com/

http://pyrrhodb.msroot.paisley.ac.uk/org/

每个都是各有强调重点, 技术特长不一.

就像OLTP 数据库中众多的厂商也没有阻止开源数据库的脚步,data warehouse 数据库中自然也不乏开源的身影.

比较有名的像是Infobright (http://www.infobright.org) , 这是一个基于mysql 的储存引擎, 同样也是基于列计算, 其最大的宣传重点在于高压缩比率和知识网络, 宣传的压缩比率经常在10:1 � 40:1 之间, 其知识网格技术可以不使用索引也能够进行高效率的查询运算.另外还有高速的数据装载工具, 当然还有一些技术上的限制比如缺乏国际支持, 并发性不高, 不能利用多核,没得到Windows或Solaris支持,没有ALTER TABLE有关的支持等, 详情可以查看

http://tech.it168.com/a2008/1024/209/000000209206.shtml

Bizgres(http://bizgres.org) , 是一个多厂商合作的,主要由greenplum 领导,基于postgresql 的商业智能数据库, 它最大的强调重点就是和其他开源的商业智能工具和平台提供商有很好的合作,像是JasperSoft reporting tools 和Kinetic Networks ETL tools

enterprisedb (http://www.enterprisedb.com) , 在基于postgresql 的基础上构建了OLTP 的数据库,主要走商业路线, 在商业智能领域则是另外一款产品grid sql , 或者说postgresql plus , 听名字就知道强调网格计算, 使运行在普通PC Server 上的数据库可以轻松进行并行计算完成复杂查询,再加上postgresql 本来就有的不少高级特性(物化视图,bitmap index 和分区) , 使得在中小型数据仓库中也值得一试.

MonetDB (http://monetdb.cwi.nl/) , 强调其在数据挖掘上的应用,OLAP , GIS, XML Query , 文本和多媒体查询. 有windows 和linux 两个版本, 如果你有特殊的商业智能应用,或者科研机构之类的可以研究一下.

LucidDB (http://www.luciddb.org/) 将是今天最后一个介绍的数据库, 它强调自己是第一个也是唯一一个只为数据仓库目的建造的数据库,同样也有列储存,bitmap indexing , hash join/aggregation 等常见数据仓库技术, 新版中强调在线热备份和基于时间点的快照功能, 另外一个最大的特色就是和开源的商业智能厂商之间有很好的合作, 像是开源ETL工具中的kettle 和talend 都有其插件帮助装载数据, 还有pentaho 最有名的产品,开源OLAP 中的实际标准mondrian 的支持:automatic Mondrian aggregate table designer add-on 和Mondrian source replication . (注: mondrian aggregate 是pentaho 2.0 新功能之一, 查看我写的pentaho 2.0 新功能一览(http://www.gemini5201314.net/?p=108) )

它同时是Eigenbase 项目的一部分,主要也是强调商业智能和数据仓库这一块的一个项目,和一个商业的中间件sqlstream 可以很好的组合( stream processing ,the SQLstream continuous query engine , 实现实时数据仓库的一个中间件,主要做CDC change data capture, mondrian 的主开发者很喜欢这个东西, 他已经写了两篇介绍这个玩意

http://julianhyde.blogspot.com/2008/12/streaming-analytics-over-content-feeds.html

http://julianhyde.blogspot.com/2008/12/streaming-content-feeds-part-2-forging.html

trackback: http://www.gemini5201314.net/database/到底有多少面向bi的数据库.html

[fwd]开源BI系统简述

2010-02-20T00:41:00.000-08:00

本文介绍了ETL工具、报表工具、OLAP工具的各项开源资源情况，有一定的普及和参考价值。

　　这些众多的BI项目从规模和对BI系统支撑的完善程度上来说，大体可以分为Framework、Stand-alone Tools和BI Suit三种类型。

　　Framework

　　开源框架，这是在商业BI系统中所没有的。我们可以使用它们来构建自己的BI工具，或者增强和扩展我们的BI解决方案。

　　Stand-alone Tools

　　独立的BI工具，这是开源项目中数量最多的一类。很多工具只侧重BI系统中的某个环节和方面，如ETL、Report、OLAP和Database等等。

　　BI Suit

　　在统一的架构下提供了多种BI系统的特性的工具集合。就目前的情况看，不管是商业软件还是开源软件，还没有任何一个套件提供了完整的端到端的BI解决方案。这些开源的BI Suit是通过连接多个其他的组件和工具的方式形成套件的，由于BI系统涉及到的工具是非常多的，所以整合一套完整的BI解决方案是很困难的。

　　BI解决方案中的工具

　　一个完整的BI解决方案中有多种工具来完成BI系统中各个阶段的工作。

　　ETL工具

　　数据抽取、转换和加载工具。优秀的ETL工具应该具有以下特性：

　　1、 Workflow Management, Job Execution and Scheduling Manager。能方便地定义流程并自动化执行ETL任务。

　　2、 Centralized Metadata Repository and Management。集中存储和管理符合业界标准的元数据。

　　3、 Data Profile and Validation。可以检验数据的质量。

　　4、 High Performance。在大负荷的任务执行中仍然有良好的性能。

　　5、 Scalable, Platform Independent。具有良好的弹性，支持多种操作系统和数据库系统，能操作多种异构的数据源。

　　6、 Open Architecture and API。具有开放的架构和易于使用的二次开发接口。

　　目前较为知名的开源ETL工具有：

　　1、 KETL，由具有IBM和KPMG背景的Kinetic Networks公司开发，现在已经有三年多的产品应用历史，成功应用于一些产品中，在点击流(ClickStream)分析应用中表现出色。KETL采用Plug-in的架构，使用Java开发。

　　2、 KETTLE，为一个元数据驱动的ETL工具。已经加入Pentaho。

　　3、 Clover ETL，为一个基于Java的ETL Framework，可以用来开发自己的ETL应用。

　　4、 Enhydra Octopus，为一个基于Java的ETL工具，使用JDBC来连接各种数据源，易于使用和部署。曾有人应用于电信网络资源分析系统中。

　　报表工具

　　优秀的报表工具通常具有以下特性：

　　1、支持多种数据源。

　　2、直观的可视化设计器，简单易用的报表定制功能。

　　3、方便的数据访问和格式化，丰富的数据呈现方式。

　　4、符合数据呈现的通用标准，能和应用程序很好地进行结合。

　　5、易于扩展和部署。

　　目前较为知名的开源报表工具有：

　　1、 JasperReports，一个优秀的Java报表工具，始于2001，现在JasperSoft公司持续开发和支持该工具。该工具类似于商业软件Crystal Report，支持PDF、HTML、XLS、CSV和XML文件输出格式，现在是Java开发者最常用的报表工具。

　　2、 OpenReports，提供基于web的灵活报表解决方案，通过浏览器自动生成动态PDF,XLS,HTMLCSV 和Chart报表，它是用Java开发的，使用JasperReports 作为报表引擎，利用到的开源技术有Hibernate,Veloctiy,Webwork。

　　3、 JFreeReport，现在是Pentaho的一部分，它是一个优秀的用来生成报表的Java类库。它为Java应用程序提供一个灵活的打印功能并支持输出到打印机和PDF, Excel, HTML和XHTML, PlainText, XML和CSV文件中。

　　4、 Eclipse BIRT，是Eclipse下面的一个企业智能和报表工具，能为J2EE的WEB应用程序创建漂亮醒目的PDF或者HTML格式的报表，它提供了核心的报表功能。

OLAP工具

　　联机分析处理工具。目前开源的OLAP工具也分为MOLAP、ROLAP和HOLAP，优秀的OLAP工具通常有以下特性：

　　1、良好的执行性能，能快速地进行分析处理工作。

　　2、良好的适用性和可伸缩性。

　　3、开放式接口和丰富的API。

　　目前较为知名的开源OLAP工具有：

　　1、 Mondrian，是Pentaho的一部分，为一个用Java开发的OLAP服务器，实现了MDX语言、XML解析和JOLAP规范，可以不写SQL就能分析存储于SQL 数据库的庞大数据集，可以封装JDBC数据源并把数据以多维的方式展现出来。

　　2、 JPivot，是一个JSP 自定制的标签库，可以绘制一个OLAP表格和图表。用户可以执行典型的OLAP导航，如下钻，切片和方块。它使用Mondrian 作为其OLAP服务器。它使用WCF (Web Component Framework) ，基于XML/XSLT来渲染Web UI组件。JPivot在元数据缓存方面的过于简化的整体性初始化装载的做法将限制它只能处理很小的立方体(Cube)。

　　数据库

　　开源的数据库也有很多，大多数为关系型数据库，少数为应用于数据仓库环境做了专门的优化工作。Bizgres以PostgreSQL为基础进行了数据仓库环境下的优化，提高了分析查询性能。

　　开源BI套件

　　下面列出相对成熟和完整，并且有借鉴意义的开源BI套件。

　　Bizgres

　　为GreenPlum公司主导的开源项目，和Sun公司达成合作关系。Bizgres为BI应用而对PostgreSQL做了优化，提高了大负荷的并行计算能力，在BI环境中，相对于普通的关系型数据库具有卓越的数据处理性能。Bizgres的数据库平台可以和KETL和JasperReports进行整合，从而形成一个BI套件：

　　1、数据库：BI专业数据库Bizgres，或者大型应用中的高性能服务器Bizgres MPP，能比普通关系数据库快20倍

　　2、 ETL工具：KETL

　　3、报表工具：JasperReports

　　Openi

　　是一个Java开发的Web应用，能对OLAP服务器、关系数据库和数据挖掘服务器进行分析和报表展示，非常易于使用和部署，界面美观友好，后续还将支持数据挖掘和ETL等。Openi主要包括：

　　1、 OLAP展示：JPivot

　　2、报表工具：JFreeChart

　　3、分析数据源连接器

　　Pentaho

　　是一个以工作流为核心的、强调面向解决方案而非工具组件的BI套件，整合了多个开源项目，目标是和商业BI相抗衡。它包括：

　　1、工作流引擎：Shark and JaWE

　　2、数据库：Firebird RDBMS

　　3、集成管理和开发环境：Eclipse

　　4、报表工具：Eclipse BIRT

　　5、 ETL工具：Enhydra/Kettle

　　6、 OLAP Server：Mondrian

　　7、 OLAP展示：JPivot

　　8、数据挖掘组件：Weka

　　9、应用服务器和Portal服务器：JBoss

　　10、单点登陆服务及LDap认证：JOSSO

　　11、自定义脚本支持：Mozilla Rhino Javascript脚本处理器

　　由上可见Pentaho是一个很完善的BI解决方案。Pentaho偏向于与业务流程相结合的BI解决方案，侧重于大中型企业应用。

　　SpagoBI

　　SpagoBI 集成了Mondrain和JProvit，能够通过OpenLaszlo产生实时报表。SpagoBI使用java开发，不依赖于具体的操作系统，有很强的扩展能力。它主要包括：

　　1、报表工具：JasperReports /Eclipse BIRT/ iReport

　　2、 OLAP Server：Mondrian

　　3、 OLAP展示：JPivot

　　4、数据挖掘组件：Weka

　　5、 Map引擎：Geo

　　6、 ETL：BIE

　　7、搜索引擎：Lucene

　　8、 Dashboard：OpenLaszlo

　　9、 Portal Server：JBoss/ Tomcat/ JOnAS

根据其Roadmap可以看出，SpagoBI将融入更多的BI功能，甚至BI之外的功能.

Trackback: http://www.cognoschina.net/home/space.php?uid=850&do=blog&id=205

MS word Excel的快捷键

2009-12-16T02:52:00.000-08:00

[F1]键：帮助

[F2]键：移动文字或图形，按回车键确认

[F4]键：重复上一次的操作

[F5]键：编辑时的定位

[F6]键：在文档和任务窗格或其他Word窗格之间切换

[F8]键：打开Word的选择模式

[F12]键：打开"另存为"对话框

[shift+F2]组合键：复制文本

[shift+F3]组合键：改变字母大小写

[shift+F4]组合键：重复查找或定位

[shift+F12]组合键：选择"文件"菜单中的"保存"菜单项

[shift+F5]组合键：跳转文档中上一次编辑位置

[shift+←] 组合键：选中光标左侧一个字符

[shift+→] 组合键：选中光标右侧一个字符

[shift+↑] 组合键：选中光标当前位置至上一行之间的内容

[shift+↓] 组合键：选中光标当前位置至下一行之间的内容

[shift+Ena] 组合键：选中光标所在处至行尾

[shift+Home] 组合键：选中光标所在处至行首

[shift+pageup] 组合键：选中光标当前位置至上一屏之间的一行内容

[Shift+Pagedown] 组合键：选中光标当前位置至下一屏之间的一行内容

[ctri+F2] 组合键：打印预览

[ctri+F4] 组合键：关闭窗口

[ctri+F6] 组合键：在打开的文档之间切换

[ctri+F12] 组合键：打开"打开"对话框

[ctri+1] 组合键：单倍行距

[ctri+2] 组合键：双倍行距

[ctri+5] 组合键：1.5倍行距

[ctri+O] 组合键：段前添加一行间距

[ctri+A] 组合键：全选

[ctri+B] 组合键：字符变为粗体

[ctri+C] 组合键：复制

[ctri+shift+D] 组合键：分散对齐

[ctri+E] 组合键：段落居中

[ctri+F] 组合键：查找

[ctri+G] 组合键：定位

[ctri+H] 组合键：替换

[ctri+I] 组合键：字符变为斜体

[ctri+J] 组合键：两端对齐

[ctri+K] 组合键：超级连接

[ctri+L] 组合键：左对齐

[ctri+N] 组合键：新建文档

[ctri+M] 组合键：左侧段落缩进

[ctri+O] 组合键：打开文档

[ctri+P] 组合键：打印

[ctri+Q] 组合键：插入点所在行向左移动一个字符

[ctri+Q] 组合键：取消段落格式

[ctri+R] 组合键：右对齐

[ctri+S] 组合键：保存

[ctri+T] 组合键：创建悬挂缩进

[ctri+U] 组合键：为字符添加下划线

[ctri+V] 组合键：粘贴

[ctri+W] 组合键：

[ctri+X] 组合键：剪贴

[ctri+Shift+Z] 组合键：格式清除

[ctri+ shift] 组合键：输入法转换

[ctri+F8] 组合键：打开"宏"的对话框

[ctri+空格] 组合键：中、西文转换

[ctri+Enter] 组合键：插入分页符

[ctri+ shift+M] 组合键：取消左侧段落缩进

[ctri+ shift+F12] 组合键：选择"文件"菜单中的"打印"菜单项

[ctri+ shift+F] 组合键：改变字体

[ctri+ shift+P] 组合键：改变字号

[ctri+ shift+>] 组合键：增大字号

[ctri+ shift<] 组合键：减小字号

[ctri+ shift+]] 组合键：逐磅增大字号

[ctri+ shift+[] 组合键：逐磅减小字号

[ctri+ shift+C] 组合键：复制格式

[ctri+ shift+V] 组合键：粘贴格式

[ctri+ shift+T] 组合键：减小悬挂缩进量

[ctri+ Enter] 组合键：插入分页符

[ctri+Home] 组合键：插入点移到文档首部

[ctri+End] 组合键：插入点移到文档尾部

[ctri+ shift+←] 组合键：将光标移到单词开始处

[ctri+ shift+→] 组合键：将光标移到单词结尾处

[ctri+ shift+↑] 组合键：将光标移到段首

[ctri+ shift+↓] 组合键：将光标移到段尾

[ctri+ shift+Home] 组合键：将光标移到文档开始处

[ctri+ shift+Ena]组合键：将光标移到文档结尾处

[ctri+PGVP] 组合键：将插入点移至上一页窗口顶部

[ctri+PGDW]组合键：将插入点移至下一页窗口顶部

[shift+Home]组合键：插入点到行首

[shift+Ena]组合键：插入点到行尾

[shift+空格]组合键：半角/全角切换

[Ctri+左键] 组合键：选中一段文字

[Ait+左键] 组合键：选中一块文字

[Ait+Ctri+ Shift+Pagedown]组合键：将光标移到窗口结尾

[Ait+Ctri+C] 组合键：插入版权符号

[Ait+Ctri+R]组合键：插入注册商标符号

[Ait+Ctri+T]组合键：插入商标符号

[Ait+Ctri+.]组合键：插入省略号

[Ait+Tab] 组合键：切换任务、窗口

[Ait+F4] 组合键：关闭程序

[Ait+空格] 组合键：下拉Word控制菜单

[Ait+Prntscreen] 组合键：窗口复制。

按住[Ait]键，可以暂时忽略网格使图片平滑移动。

按住[Shift]键，依次选取需要对齐的图形，完成若干图形对齐任务。

按住[Shift]键并单击"打印预览"按扭，可快速打印工作表。

按[shift+Enter]组合键，可以在当前幻灯片的后面插入一张新幻灯片。

按[Tab]键，选择下一个单元格；

按[Shift+ Tab]组合键选择前一个单元格。

按[Shift]键，再按回车键，就会产生一个换行符。

如果打开的窗口或窗体角朵，并且把数据库窗口完全挡住了，这时只要按下[F11]（也可以按下[Ait+ F11]），数据库窗口将被前置。

按[Ctri+：]组合键，可以输入当前日期；

按[Ctri+ shift+：] 组合键，可以输入当前时间。

选定大块区域，，按[Shift]键后拖动鼠标。

选定矩形区域，，按[Ait]键后拖动鼠标（大纲视图下无效）。

▲Excel 快捷键和功能键帮助

全部显示
全部隐藏
以下列表包含了 Ctrl 组合快捷键、功能键和某些其他常用快捷键，以及它们的功能说明。有关所有可用快捷键及它们的具体用途的更多参考信息，请参阅键盘快捷方式。

若要打印此主题，请按 Tab 选择"全部显示"，按 Enter，然后按 Ctrl+P。

注释如果经常使用的操作没有快捷键，可以通过录制宏来创建快捷键。

Ctrl 组合快捷键

按键说明
Ctrl+( 取消隐藏选定范围内所有隐藏的行。
Ctrl+) 取消隐藏选定范围内所有隐藏的列。
Ctrl+& 将外框应用于选定单元格。
Ctrl+_ 从选定单元格删除外框。
Ctrl+~ 应用"常规"数字格式。
Ctrl+$ 应用带有两位小数的"货币"格式（负数放在括号中）。
Ctrl+% 应用不带小数位的"百分比"格式。
Ctrl+^ 应用带有两位小数的"指数"格式。
Ctrl+# 应用带有日、月和年的"日期"格式。
Ctrl+@ 应用带有小时和分钟以及 AM 或 PM 的"时间"格式。
Ctrl+! 应用带有两位小数、千位分隔符和减号 (-)（用于负值）的"数值"格式。
Ctrl+- 显示用于删除选定单元格的"删除"对话框。
Ctrl+* 选择环绕活动单元格的当前区域（由空白行和空白列围起的数据区域）。
在数据透视表中，它将选择整个数据透视表。

Ctrl+: 输入当前时间。
Ctrl+; 输入当前日期。
Ctrl+` 在工作表中切换显示单元格值和公式。
Ctrl+' 将公式从活动单元格上方的单元格复制到单元格或编辑栏中。
Ctrl+" 将值从活动单元格上方的单元格复制到单元格或编辑栏中。
Ctrl++ 显示用于插入空白单元格的"插入"对话框。
Ctrl+1 显示"单元格格式"对话框。
Ctrl+2 应用或取消加粗格式设置。
Ctrl+3 应用或取消倾斜格式设置。
Ctrl+4 应用或取消下划线。
Ctrl+5 应用或取消删除线。
Ctrl+6 在隐藏对象、显示对象和显示对象占位符之间切换。
Ctrl+7 显示或隐藏"常用"工具栏。
Ctrl+8 显示或隐藏大纲符号。
Ctrl+9 隐藏选定的行。
Ctrl+0 隐藏选定的列。
Ctrl+A 选择整个工作表。
如果工作表包含数据，则按 Ctrl+A 将选择当前区域。再次按 Ctrl+A 将选择整个工作表。

当插入点位于公式中某个函数名称的右边时，则会显示"函数参数"对话框。

当插入点位于公式中某个函数名称的右边时，按 Ctrl+Shift+A 将会插入参数名称和括号。

Ctrl+B 应用或取消加粗格式设置。
Ctrl+C 复制选定的单元格。
如果连续按两次 Ctrl+C，则会显示 Microsoft Office 剪贴板。

Ctrl+D 使用"向下填充"命令将选定范围内最顶层单元格的内容和格式复制到下面的单元格中。
Ctrl+F 显示"查找"对话框。
按 Shift+F5 也会显示此对话框，而按 Shift+F4 则会重复上一次"查找"操作。

Ctrl+G 显示"定位"对话框。
按 F5 也会显示此对话框。

Ctrl+H 显示"查找和替换"对话框。
Ctrl+I 应用或取消倾斜格式设置。
Ctrl+K 为新的超链接显示"插入超链接"对话框，或为选定的现有超链接显示"编辑超链接"对话框。
Ctrl+L 显示"创建列表"对话框。
Ctrl+N 创建一个新的空白文件。
Ctrl+O 显示"打开"对话框以打开或查找文件。
按 Ctrl+Shift+O 可选择所有包含批注的单元格。

Ctrl+P 显示"打印"对话框。
Ctrl+R 使用"向右填充"命令将选定范围最左边单元格的内容和格式复制到右边的单元格中。
Ctrl+S 使用其当前文件名、位置和文件格式保存活动文件。
Ctrl+U 应用或取消下划线。
Ctrl+V 在插入点处插入剪贴板的内容，并替换任何选定内容。只有在剪切或复制了对象、文本或单元格内容后，才能使用此快捷键。
Ctrl+W 关闭选定的工作簿窗口。
Ctrl+X 剪切选定的单元格。
Ctrl+Y 重复上一个命令或操作（如有可能）。
Ctrl+Z 使用"撤消"命令来撤消上一个命令或删除最后键入的条目。
显示了自动更正智能标记时，按 Ctrl+Shift+Z 可使用"撤消"或"重复"命令撤消或恢复上一次自动更正操作。

功能键

按键说明
F1 显示"帮助"任务窗格。
按 Ctrl+F1 可关闭并重新打开当前任务窗格。

按 Alt+F1 可创建当前范围中数据的图表。

按 Alt+Shift+F1 可插入新的工作表。

F2 编辑活动单元格并将插入点放在单元格内容的结尾。如果禁止在单元格中进行编辑，它也会将插入点移到编辑栏中。
按 Shift+F2 可编辑单元格批注。

F3 将定义的名称粘贴到公式中。
按 Shift+F3 将显示"插入函数"对话框。

F4 重复上一个命令或操作（如有可能）。
按 Ctrl+F4 可关闭选定的工作簿窗口。

F5 显示"定位"对话框。
按 Ctrl+F5 可恢复选定工作簿窗口的窗口大小。

F6 切换到已拆分（"窗口"菜单，"拆分"命令）的工作表中的下一个窗格。
按 Shift+F6 可切换到已拆分的工作表中的上一个窗格。

如果打开了多个工作簿窗口，则按 Ctrl+F6 可切换到下一个工作簿窗口。

F7 显示"拼写检查"对话框，以检查活动工作表或选定范围中的拼写。
如果工作簿窗口未最大化，则按 Ctrl+F7 可对该窗口执行"移动"命令。使用箭头键移动窗口，并在完成时按 Esc。

F8 打开或关闭扩展模式。在扩展模式中，"EXT"将出现在状态行中，并且按箭头键可扩展选定范围。
通过按 Shift+F8，您可以使用箭头键将非邻近单元格或范围添加到单元格的选定范围。

当工作簿未最大化时，按 Ctrl+F8 可执行"大小"命令（在工作簿窗口的"控制"菜单上。

按 Alt+F8 可显示用于运行、编辑或删除宏的"宏"对话框。

F9 计算所有打开的工作簿中的所有工作表。
如果先按 F9 再按 Enter（对于数组公式则按 Ctrl+Shift+Enter），则会计算选定的公式部分，并将选定部分替换为计算出的值。

按 Shift+F9 可计算活动工作表。

按 Ctrl+Alt+F9 可计算所有打开的工作簿中的所有工作表，不管它们自上次计算以来是否已更改。

如果按 Ctrl+Alt+Shift+F9，则会重新检查相关公式，然后计算所有打开的工作簿中的所有单元格，其中包括未标记为需要计算的单元格。

按 Ctrl+F9 可将工作簿窗口最小化为图标。

F10 选择菜单栏或同时关闭打开的菜单和子菜单。
按 Shift+F10 可显示选定项目的快捷菜单。

按 Alt+Shift+F10 可显示智能标记的菜单或消息。如果存在多个智能标记，按该组合键可切换到下一个智能标记并显示其菜单或消息。

按 Ctrl+F10 可最大化或还原选定的工作簿窗口。

F11 创建当前范围内数据的图表。
按 Shift+F11 可插入一个新工作表。

按 Alt+F11 将打开 Visual Basic 编辑器，您可以在其中通过使用 Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) 来创建宏。

按 Alt+Shift+F11 将打开 Microsoft 脚本编辑器，您可以在其中添加文本、编辑 HTML 标记以及修改任何脚本代码。

F12 显示"另存为"对话框。

其他有用的快捷键

按键说明
箭头键在工作表中上移、下移、左移或右移一个单元格。
按 Ctrl+箭头键可移动到工作表中当前数据区域（数据区域：包含数据的单元格区域，该区域周围为空白单元格或数据表边框。）的边缘。

按 Shift+箭头键可将单元格的选定范围扩大一个单元格。

按 Ctrl+Shift+箭头键可将单元格的选定范围扩展到与活动单元格同一列或同一行中的最后一个非空白单元格。

当菜单处于可见状态时，按向左键或向右键可选择左边或右边的菜单。当子菜单处于打开状态时，按这些箭头键可在主菜单和子菜单之间切换。

当菜单或子菜单处于打开状态时，按向下键或向上键可选择下一个或上一个命令。

在对话框中，按箭头键可在打开的下拉列表中的各个选项之间移动，或在一组选项的各个选项之间移动。

按 Alt+向下键可打开选定的下拉列表。

Backspace 在编辑栏中删除左边的一个字符。
也可清除活动单元格的内容。

Delete 从选定单元格中删除单元格内容（数据和公式），而不会影响单元格格式或批注。
在单元格编辑模式下，按该键将会删除插入点右边的字符。

End 当 Scroll Lock 处于开启状态时，移动到窗口右下角的单元格。
当菜单或子菜单处于可见状态时，也可选择菜单上的最后一个命令。

按 Ctrl+End 可移动到工作表上的最后一个单元格，即所使用的最下方一行与所使用的最右边一列的交汇单元格。

按 Ctrl+Shift+End 可将单元格的选定范围扩展到工作表上所使用的最后一个单元格（右下角）。

Enter 从单元格或编辑栏中完成单元格输入，并（默认）选择下面的单元格。
在数据表单中，按该键可移动到下一条记录中的第一个字段。

打开选定的菜单（按 F10 激活菜单栏），或执行选定命令的操作。

在对话框中，按该键可执行对话框中默认命令按钮（带有突出轮廓的按钮，通常为"确定"按钮）的操作。

按 Alt+Enter 可在同一单元格中另起一个新行。

按 Ctrl+Enter 可使用当前条目填充选定的单元格区域。

按 Shift+Enter 可完成单元格输入并选择上面的单元格。

Esc 取消单元格或编辑栏中的输入。
按该键也可关闭打开的菜单或子菜单、对话框或消息窗口。

Home 移到工作表中某一行的开头。
当 Scroll Lock 处于开启状态时，移到窗口左上角的单元格。

当菜单或子菜单处于可见状态时，选择菜单上的第一个命令。

按 Ctrl+Home 可移到工作表的开头。

按 Ctrl+Shift+Home 可将单元格的选定范围扩展到工作表的开头。

Page Down 在工作表中下移一个屏幕。
按 Alt+Page Down 可在工作表中向右移动一个屏幕。

按 Ctrl+Page Down 可移到工作簿中的下一个工作表。

按 Ctrl+Shift+Page Down 可选择工作簿中的当前和下一个工作表。

Page Up 在工作表中上移一个屏幕。
按 Alt+Page Up 可在工作表中向左移动一个屏幕。

按 Ctrl+Page Up 可移到工作簿中的上一个工作表。

按 Ctrl+Shift+Page Up 可选择工作簿中的当前和上一个工作表。

空格键在对话框中，执行选定按钮的操作，或者选中或清除复选框。
按 Ctrl+空格键可选择工作表中的整列。

按 Shift+空格键可选择工作表中的整行。

按 Ctrl+Shift+空格键可选择整个工作表。

如果工作表包含数据，则按 Ctrl+Shift+空格键将选择当前区域。再按一次 Ctrl+Shift+空格键将选择整个工作表。
当某个对象处于选定状态时，按 Ctrl+Shift+空格键可选择工作表上的所有对象。
按 Alt+空格键可显示 Excel 窗口的"控制"菜单。

Tab 在工作表中向右移动一个单元格。
在受保护的工作表中，可在未锁定的单元格之间移动。

在对话框中，移到下一个选项或选项组。

按 Shift+Tab 可移到前一个单元格（在工作表中）或前一个选项（在对话框中）。

在对话框中，按 Ctrl+Tab 可切换到下一个选项卡。

在对话框中，按 Ctrl+Shift+Tab 可切换到前一个选项卡。

Web Site Test Tools and Site Management Tools

2009-12-05T18:31:00.000-08:00

Organization of Web Test Tools Listing - this tools listing has been loosely organized into the following categories:

Load and Performance Test Tools
Java Test Tools
Link Checkers
HTML Validators
Free On-the-Web HTML Validators and Link Checkers
PERL and C Programs for Validating and Checking

Web Functional/Regression Test Tools
Web Site Security Test Tools
External Site Monitoring Services
Web Site Management Tools
Log Analysis Tools
Other Web Test Tools

Note: Categories are not well-defined and some tools could have been listed in several categories; the 'Web Site Management Tools' category includes products that contain: site version control tools, combined utilities/tools, server management and optimization tools, and authoring/publishing/deployment tools that include significant site management or testing capabilities. Suggestions for category improvement are welcome; see bottom of this page to send suggestions.

Check listed tool/vendor sites for latest product capabilities, supported platforms/servers/clients, etc; new listings are periodically added to the top of each category section; date of latest update is shown at bottom of this page.

Also see How can World Wide Web sites be tested? in the FAQ Part 2 for a discussion of web site testing considerations; also see What's the best way to choose a test automation tool? in the LFAQ section; there are also articles about web site testing and management in the 'Resources' section.

Load and Performance Test Tools

LoadStorm - A web-based load testing tool/service as a distributed application that leverages the power of Amazon Web Services to scale on demand with processing power and bandwidth as needed. As the test loads increase to hundreds or thousands of virtual users, LoadStorm automatically adds machines from Amazon's server farm to handle the processing. Tests can be built using the tool in such a way as to simulate a large number of different users with unique logins and different tasks.

BrowserMob - On-demand, self-service, low-cost, pay-as-you-go service enables simulation of large volumes of real browsers hitting a website. Utilizes Amazon Web Services, Selenium. Uses real browsers for each virtual user so that traffic is realistic, AJAX & Flash support is automatic. Browser screen shots of errors included in reports.

Load Impact - Online load testing service from Gatorhole/loadimpact.com for load- and stress- testing of your website over the Internet; access to our distributed network of load generator nodes - server clusters with very fast connections to enable simulation of tens of thousands of users accessing your website concurrently. Free low level load tests for 1-50 simulated users; higher levels have monthly fees.

Pylot - Open source tool by Corey Goldberg for generating concurrent http loads. Define test cases in an XML file - specify requests - url, method, body/payload, etc - and verifications. Verification is by matching content to regular expressions and with HTTP status codes. HTTP and HTTPS (SSL) support. Monitor and execute test suites from GUI (wxPython), and adjust load, number of agents, request intervals, rampup time, test duration. Real-time stats and error reporting are displayed.

AppLoader - Load testing app from NRG Global for web and other applications accessible from a Windows desktop; generates load from the end user's perspective. Protocol independent and supports a wide variety of enterprise class applications. Integrates with their Chroniker monitoring suite so results of load testing can be correlated with system behavior as load is increased. Runs from Win platforms.

fwptt - Open source tool by Bogdan Damian for load testing web applications. Capabilities include handling of Ajax. Generates tests in C#. For Windows platforms

JCrawler - An open-source stress-testing tool for web apps; includes crawling/exploratory features. User can give JCrawler a set of starting URLs and it will begin crawling from that point onwards, going through any URLs it can find on its way and generating load on the web application. Load parameters (hits/sec) are configurable via central XML file; fires up as many threads as needed to keep load constant; includes self-testing unit tests. Handles http redirects and cookies; platform independent.

vPerformer - Performance and load testing tool from Verisium Inc. to assess the performance and scalability of web apps. Use recorded scripts or customized scripts using Javascript. Targeted platforms: Windows

Curl-Loader - Open-source tool written in 'C', simulating application load and behavior of tens of thousand HTTP/HTTPS and FTP/FTPS clients, each with its own source IP-address. In contrast to other tools curl-loader is using real C-written client protocol stacks, namely, HTTP and FTP stacks of libcurl and TLS/SSL of openssl. Activities of each virtual client are logged and collected statistics include information about: resolving, connection establishment, sending of requests, receiving responses, headers and data received/sent, errors from network, TLS/SSL and application (HTTP, FTP) level events and errors.

RealityLoad XF On-Demand Load Testing - An on-demand load testing service (no licenses) from Gomez.com. Leverages Gomez' peer panel, which consists of over 15,000 end-user desktop testing locations distributed across the world, to provide distributed load tests that accurately reproduce the network and latency characteristics encountered by real users in a live environment.

OpNet LoadScaler - Load test tool from OpNet Technologies Inc. Create tests without programming; generate loads against web applications, and other services including Web Services, FTP, and Email. Record end-user browser activity in the OPNET TestCreatorTM authoring environment to automatically generate test scripts in industry-standard JavaScript. Modify, extend and debug tests with the included JavaScript editor. Alternatively, drag and drop icons onto the test script tree. No knowledge of a scripting language is required to customize test scripts.

StressTester - Enterprise load and performance testing tool for web applications from Reflective Solutions Ltd. Advanced user journey modeling, scalable load, system resources monitors and results analysis. No scripting required. Suitable for any Web, JMS, IP or SQL Application. OS independent.

The Grinder - A Java-based load-testing framework freely available under a BSD-style open-source license. Orchestrate activities of a test script in many processes across many machines, using a graphical console application. Test scripts make use of client code embodied in Java plug-ins. Most users do not write plug-ins themselves, instead using one of the supplied plug-ins. Comes with a mature plug-in for testing HTTP services, as well as a tool which allows HTTP scripts to be automatically recorded.

Proxy Sniffer - Web load and stress testing tool from from Ingenieurbüro David Fischer GmbH Capabilities include: HTTP/S Web Session Recorder that can be used with any web browser; recordings can then be used to automatically create optimized Java-based load test programs; automatic protection from "false positive" results by examining actual web page content; detailed Error Analysis using saved error snapshots; real-time statistics.

Testing Master - Load test tool from Novosoft, capabilities include IP spoofing, multiple simultaneous test cases and website testing features for sites with dynamic content and secure HTTPS pages.

Funkload - Web load testing, stress testing, and functional testing tool written in Python and distributed as free software under the GNU GPL. Emulates a web browser (single-threaded) using webunit; https support; produces detailed reports in ReST, HTML, or PDF.

Avalanche - Load-testing appliance from Spirent Communications, designed to stress-test security, network, and Web application infrastructures by generating large quantities of user and network traffic. Simulates as many as two million concurrently-connected users with unique IP addresses, emulates multiple Web browsers, supports Web Services testing Supports HTTP 1.0/1.1, SSL, FTP, RTSP/ RTP, MS Win Media, SMTP, POP3, DNS, Telnet, and Video on Demand over Multicast protocols.

Loadea - Stress testing tool runs on WinXP; free evaluation version for two virtual users. Capture module provides a development environment, utilizes C# scripting and XML based data. Control module defines, schedules, and deploys tests, defines number of virtual users, etc. Analysis module analyzes results and provides reporting capabilities.

LoadManager - Load, Stress, Stability and Performance testing tool from Alvicom. Runs on all platforms supported by Eclipse and Java.

QEngine Web Performance Testing - Automated testing tool from AdventNet for performance testing (load and stress testing) of web applications and web services. For Linux and Windows.

NeoLoad - Load testing tool for web applications from Neotys with clear and intuitive graphical interface, no scripting/fast learning curve, clear and comprehensive reports and test results. Can design complex scenarios to handle real world applications. Features include data replacement, data extraction, SOAP support, system monitoring (Windows, Linux, IIS, Apache, WebLogic, Websphere...), SSL recording, PDF/HTML/Word reporting, IP spoofing, and more. Multi-platform: Windows, Linux, Solaris.

Test Complete Enterprise - Automated test tool from AutomatedQA Corp. includes web load testing capabilities.

QTest - Web load testing tool from Quotium Technologies SA. Capabilities include: cookies managed natively, making the script modelling phase shorter; HTML and XML parser, allowing display and retrieval of any element from a HTML page or an XML flux in test scripts; option of developing custom monitors using supplied APIs; more.

Test Perspective Load Test - Do-it-yourself load testing service from Keynote Systems for Web applications. Utilizes Keynote's load-generating infrastructure on the Internet; conduct realistic outside-the-firewall load and stress tests to validate performance of entire Web application infrastructure.

SiteTester1 - Load test tool from Pilot Software Ltd. Allows definition of requests, jobs, procedures and tests, HTTP1.0/1.1 compatible requests, POST/GET methods, cookies, running in multi-threaded or single-threaded mode, generates various reports in HTML format, keeps and reads XML formatted files for test definitions and test logs. Requires JDK1.2 or higher.

httperf - Web server performance/benchmarking tool from HP Research Labs. Provides a flexible facility for generating various HTTP workloads and measuring server performance. Focus is not on implementing one particular benchmark but on providing a robust, high-performance, extensible tool. Available free as source code.

NetworkTester - Tool (formerly called 'NetPressure') from Agilent Technologies uses real user traffic, including DNS, HTTP, FTP, NNTP, streaming media, POP3, SMTP, NFS, CIFS, IM, etc. - through access authentication systems such as PPPOE, DHCP, 802.1X, IPsec, as necessary. Unlimited scalability; GUI-driven management station; no scripting; open API. Errors isolated and identified in real-time; traffic monitored at every step in a protocol exchange (such as time of DNS lookup, time to logon to server, etc.). All transactions logged, and detailed reporting available.

WAPT - Web load and stress testing tool from SoftLogica LLC. Handles dynamic content and HTTPS/SSL; easy to use; support for redirects and all types of proxies; clear reports and graphs.

Visual Studio Team System 2008 Test Edition - A suite of testing tools for Web applications and services that are integrated into the Microsoft Visual Studio environment. These enable testers to author, execute, and manage tests and related work items all from within Visual Studio.

OpenLoad - Affordable and completely web-based load testing tool from OpenDemand; knowledge of scripting languages not required - web-based recorder can capture and translate any user action from any website or web application. Generate up to 1000 simultaneous users with minimum hardware.

Apache JMeter - Java desktop application from the Apache Software Foundation designed to load test functional behavior and measure performance. Originally designed for testing Web Applications but has since expanded to other test functions; may be used to test performance both on static and dynamic resources (files, Servlets, Perl scripts, Java Objects, Data Bases and Queries, FTP Servers and more). Can be used to simulate a heavy load on a server, network or object to test its strength or to analyze overall performance under different load types; can make a graphical analysis of performance or test server/script/object behavior under heavy concurrent load.

TestMaker - Free open source utility maintained by PushToTest.com and Frank Cohen, for performance, scalability, and functional testing of Web application. Features test authoring of Web applications, Rich Internet Applications (RIA) using Ajax, Service Oriented Architecture, and Business Process Management environments. Integrates Selenium, soapUI, TestGen4Web, and HTMLUnit to make test development faster/easier. Repurposes tests from these tools into load and performance tests, functional tests, and business service monitors with no coding. Repurposes unit tests written in Java, Jython, JRuby, Groovy, and other dynamic scripting languages. Runs on any platform.

SiteStress - Remote, consultative load testing service by Webmetrics. Simulates end-user activity against designated websites for performance and infrastructure reliability testing. Can generate an infinitely scalable user load from GlobalWatch Network, and provide performance reporting, analysis, and optimization recommendations.

Siege - Open source stress/regression test and benchmark utility; supports basic authentication, cookies, HTTP and HTTPS protocols. Enables testing a web server with a configurable number of concurrent simulated users. Stress a single URL with a specified number of simulated users or stress multiple URL's simultaneously. Reports total number of transactions, elapsed time, bytes transferred, response time, transaction rate, concurrency, and server response. Developed by Jeffrey Fulmer, modeled in part after Lincoln Stein's torture.pl, but allows stressing many URLs simultaneously. Distributed under terms of the GPL; written in C; for UNIX and related platforms.

JBlitz - Load, performance and functional test tool from Clan Productions. Runs multiple concurrent virtual users.to simulate heavy load. Validates each response using plain text or regular expression searches, or by calling out to your own custom code. Full Java API. For testing and 'bullet-proofing' server side software - ASPs, JSPs, servlets, EJBs, Perl / PHP / C / C++ / CGI scripts etc.

WebServer Stress Tool - Web stress test tool from Paessler AG handles proxies, passwords, user agents, cookies, AAL.

Web Polygraph - Freely available benchmarking tool for caching proxies, origin server accelerators, L4/7 switches, and other Web intermediaries. Other features: for high-performance HTTP clients and servers, realistic traffic generation and content simulation, ready-to-use standard workloads, powerful domain-specific configuration language, and portable open-source implementation. C++ source available; binaries avail for Windows.

OpenSTA - 'Open System Testing Architecture' is a free, open source web load/stress testing application, licensed under the Gnu GPL. Utilizes a distributed software architecture based on CORBA. OpenSTA binaries available for Windows.

PureLoad - Java-based multi-platform performance testing and analysis tool from Minq Software. Includes 'Comparer' and 'Recorder' capabilities, dynamic input data, scenario editor/debugger, load generation for single or distributed sources.

ApacheBench - Perl API for Apache benchmarking and regression testing. Intended as foundation for a complete benchmarking and regression testing suite for transaction-based mod_perl sites. For stress-testing server while verifying correct HTTP responses. Based on the Apache 1.3.12 ab code. Available via CPAN as .tar.gz file.

Torture - Bare-bones Perl script by Lincoln Stein for testing web server speed and responsiveness and test stability and reliability of a particular Web server. Can send large amounts of random data to a server to measure speed and response time of servers, CGI scripts, etc.

WebSpray - Low-cost load testing tool from CAI Networks; includes link testing capabilities; can simulate up to 1,000 clients from a single IP address; also supports multiple IP addresses with or without aliases. For Windows.

eValid LoadTest - Web test tool from Software Research, Inc that uses a 'Test Enabled Web Browser' test engine that provides browser based 100% client side quality checking, dynamic testing, content validation, page performance tuning, and webserver loading and capacity analysis.

WebPerformance Load Tester - Load test tool emphasizing ease-of-use, from WebPerformance Inc. Supports all browsers and web servers; records and allows viewing of exact bytes flowing between browser and server; no scripting required. Modem simulation allows each virtual user to be bandwidth limited. Can automatically handle variations in session-specific items such as cookies, usernames, passwords, IP addresses, and any other parameter to simulate multiple virtual users. For Windows, Linux, Solaris, most UNIX variants.

WebSuite - A collection of load testing, capture/playback, and related tools from Technovations for performance testing of web sites. Modules include WebCorder, Load Director, Report Generator, Batch, Manager, and others. WebSizr load testing tool supports authentication, SSL, cookies, redirects. Recorded scripts can be modified manually. For Windows.

FORECAST - Load testing tool from Facilita Software for web, client-server, network, and database systems. Capabilities include proprietary, Java, or C++ scripting; windows browser or network recording/playback. Supports binary encoded data such as Adobe Flex/AMF, Serialised Java objects etc.SSL; supports NTLM, kerberos, proxies, authentication, redirects, certificates, cookies, caching, bandwidth limitation and page validation. Virtual user data can be parameterized. Works with a wide variety of platforms.

http-Load - Free load test application from ACME Labs to generate web server loads, from ACME Software. Handles HTTP and HTTPS; for Unix.

QALoad - Compuware's tool for load/stress testing of web, database, and character-based systems. Supports HTTP, SSL, SOAP, XML, Streaming Media. Works with a variety of databases, middleware, ERP.

Microsoft WCAT load test tool - Web load test tool from Microsoft for load testing of MS IIS servers; other MS stress tools also listed.

IBM Rational Performance Tester - Performance testing tool from IBM/Rational; has optional extensions to Seibel applications and SAP Solutions. Supports Windows, Linux and z/OS as distributed controller agents; provides high-level and detailed views of tests.

SilkPerformer - Enterprise-class load-testing tool from Borland (formerly Segue). Can simulate thousands of users working with multiple protocols and computing environments. Allows prediction of behavior of e-business environment before it is deployed, regardless of size and complexity.

Radview's WebLoad - Load testing tool from Radview Software. Capabilities include over 75 Performance Metrics; can view global or detailed account of transaction successes/failures on individual Virtual Client level, assisting in capturing intermittent errors; allows comparing of running test vs. past test metrics. Test scripting via visual tool or Javascript. Wizard for automating non-GUI-based services testing; DoS security testing.

Loadrunner - HP's (formerly Mercury's) load/stress testing tool for web and other applications; supports a wide variety of application environments, platforms, and databases. Large suite of network/app/server monitors to enable performance measurement of each tier/server/component and tracing of bottlenecks.

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Java Test Tools

VisualVM - A free visual tool from Sun to monitor and troubleshoot Java applications. Runs on Sun JDK 6, but is able to monitor applications running on JDK 1.4 and higher. Utilizes various available technologies like jvmstat, JMX, the Serviceability Agent (SA), and the Attach API to get data and uses minimal overhead on monitored applications. Capabilities include: automatically detects and lists locally and remotely running Java applications; monitor application performance and memory consumption; profile application performance or analyze memory allocation; is able to save application configuration and runtime environment together with all taken thread dumps, heap dumps and profiler snaphots into a single application snapshot which can be later processed offline.

Cobertura - Free Java tool to identify which parts of a Java program are lacking test coverage and calculate % coverage; based on jcoverage. Instruments already-compiled Java bytecode; execute from ant or from the command line; generate reports in HTML or XML; shows % of lines and branches covered for each class, each package, and for the overall project. Shows McCabe cyclomatic code complexity of each class, and average cyclomatic code complexity for each package, and for the overall product. Can sort HTML results by class name, percent of lines covered, percent of branches covered, etc. and sort in ascending or decending order.

QCare - Static code analysis tool from ATX Software SA, supports Java, as well as COBOL, C#, C++, VB, SQL, PL/SQL, JavaScript and JSP.

JProfiler - Java profiling tool from ej-Technologies GmbH. Check for performance bottlenecks, memory leaks and threading issues.

Parallel-junit - Open source small library extensions for JUnit. Extends the junit.framework.TestSuite class by running tests in parallel, allowing more efficient test execution. Because TestResult and TestListener aren't designed to run tests in parallel, this implementation coordinates the worker threads and reorder event callbacks so that the TestResult object receives them in an orderly manner. In addition, output to System.out and System.err are also serialized to avoid screen clutter.

EMMA - Open-source toolkit, written in pure Java, for measuring and reporting Java code coverage. Targets support for large-scale enterprise software development while keeping individual developer's work fast and iterative. Can instrument classes for coverage either offline or on the fly (using an instrumenting application classloader); supported coverage types: class, method, line, basic block; can detect when a single source code line is covered only partially; coverage stats are aggregated at method, class, package, and "all classes" levels. Reports support drill-down, to user-controlled detail depth; HTML reports support source code linking. Does not require access to the source code; can instrument individial .class files or entire .jars (in place, if desired). Runtime overhead of added instrumentation is small (5-20%); memory overhead is a few hundred bytes per Java class.

PMD - Open source static analyzer scans java source for problems. Capabilities include scanning for: Empty try/catch/finally/switch statements; Dead code - unused local variables, parameters and private methods; Suboptimal code - wasteful string/stringBuffer usage; Overcomplicated expressions - unnecessary if statements, for loops that could be while loops; Duplicate code - copied/pasted code - could indicate copied/pasted bugs.

Hammurapi - Code review tool for Java (and other languages with latest version). Utilizes a rules engine to infer violations in source code. Doesn't fail on source files with errors, or if some inspectors throw exceptions. Parts of tool can be independently extended or replaced. Can review sources in multiple programming languages, perform cross-language inspections, and generate a consolidated report. Eclipse plugin.

TestNG - A testing framework inspired from JUnit and NUnit; supports JDK 5 Annotations, data-driven testing (with @DataProvider), parameters, distribution of tests on slave machines, plug-ins (Eclipse, IDEA, Maven, etc); embeds BeanShell for further flexibility; default JDK functions for runtime and logging (no dependencies).

Concordian - An open source testing framework for Java developed by David Peterson. Utilizes requirements in plain English using paragraphs, tables and proper punctuation in HTML. Developers instrument the concrete examples in each specification with commands (e.g. "set", "execute", "assertEquals") that allow test scenarios to be checked against the system to be tested. The instrumentation is invisible to a browser, but is processed by a Java fixture class that accompanies the specification. The fixture is also a JUnit test case. Results are exported with the usual green and red indicating successes and failures. Site includes info re similarities and diffs from Fitnesse.

DBUnit - Open source JUnit extension (also usable with Ant) targeted for database-driven projects that, among other things, puts a database into a known state between test runs. Enables avoidance of problems that can occur when one test case corrupts the database and causes subsequent tests to fail or exacerbate the damage. Has the ability to export and import database data to and from XML datasets. Can work with very large datasets when used in streaming mode, and can help verify that database data matches expected sets of values.

StrutsTestCase - Open source Unit extension of the standard JUnit TestCase class that provides facilities for testing code based on the Struts framework, including validation methods. Provides both a Mock Object approach and a Cactus approach to actually run the Struts ActionServlet, allowing testing of Struts code with or without a running servlet engine. Uses the ActionServlet controller to test code, enabling testing of the implementation of Action objects, as well as mappings, form beans, and forwards declarations.

DDSteps - A JUnit extension for building data driven test cases. Enables user to parameterize test cases, and run them more than once using different data. Uses external test data in Excel which is injected into test cases using standard JavaBeans properties. Test cases run once for each row of data, so adding new tests is just a matter of adding a row of data in Excel.

JKool - A light weight performance measurement and monitoring tool from Nastel Inc. for live J2EE, Web and Web service-based applications. It provides timing information for web sessions, including JSP/servlets, JDBC, JMS and Java method calls, to measure performance, detect bottlenecks and failures. Probes include a Web probe (JSP, Servlets), a Java probe (Byte Code Instrumentation), a JMS probe, and a JDBC probe.

StrutsTestCase for JUnit - Open source extension of the standard JUnit TestCase class that provides facilities for testing code based on the Struts framework. Provides both a Mock Object approach and a Cactus approach to actually run the Struts ActionServlet, allowing testing Struts code with or without a running servlet engine. Because it uses the ActionServlet controller to test code, can test not only the implementation of Action objects, but also mappings, form beans, and forwards declarations. Since it already provides validation methods, it's quick and easy to write unit test cases.

JavaNCSS - A free Source Measurement Suite for Java by Clemens Lee. A simple command line utility which collects various source code metrics for Java. The metrics are collected globally, for each class and/or for each function.

Open Source Profilers for Java - Listing of about 25 open source code profilers for Java from 2006 from the Manageability.org web site.

SofCheck Inspector - Tool from SofCheck Inc. for analysis of Java for logic flaws and vulnerabilities. Exlpores all possible paths in byte code and detects flaws and vulnerabilities in areas such as: array index out of bounds, buffer overflows, race conditions, null pointer dereference, dead code, etc. Provides 100% path coverage and can report on values required for 100% unit test coverage. Patented precondition, postcondition and presumption reporting can help detect Malware code insertion.

CodePro - Suite of Java tools from Instantiations Inc. CodePro AnalytixX is an Eclipse-based Java software testing tool and includes features like code audit, metrics, automated unit tests, and more. CodePro Profiler, an Eclipse-based Java profiling tool enables inspection of a running application for performance bottlenecks, detect memory leaks and solve thread concurrency problems. EclipsePro Test automatically generates JUnit tests and includes an editor and analysis tool, provides test cases/results in tabular layout; mouse over failing case and Editor shows the failure message. WindowTester Pro for Swing or SWT UI's enables recording of GUI tests; watches actions and generates test cases automatically; customize the generated Java tests as needed. Provides a rich GUI Test Library, hiding complexities and threading issues of GUI test execution; test cases are based on the JUnit standard

Squish for Java - Automated Java GUI testing tool for Java Swing, AWT, SWT and RCP/Eclipse applications. Record or create/modify scripts using Tcl, Python, JavaScript. Automatic identification of GUI objects of the AUT; inspect AUT's objects, properties and methods on run-time using the Squish Spy. Can be run via a GUI front-end or via command line tools. Can execute tests in a debugger allowing setting breakpoints and stepping through test scripts.

Klocwork K7 - Static analysis technology for Java, C, C++, analyzes defects & security vulnerabilities, architecture & header file anomalies, metrics. Developers can run Klocwork in Eclipse or various other IDE's. Users can select scope of reporting as needed by selecting software component, defect type, and defect state/status.

Coverity Prevent - Tool from Coverity Inc. for analysis of Java source code for security issues. Explores all possible paths in source code and detects security vulnerabilities and defects in multiple areas: memory leaks, memory corruption, and illegal pointer accesses, buffer overruns, format string errors and SQL injections vulnerabilities, multi-threaded programming concurrency errors, etc.

GUIDancer - Eclipse-based tool from Bredex GmbH for automated testing of Java/Swing GUI's, Tests are specified, not programmed - no code or script is produced. Test specification is initially separate from the AUT, allowing test creation before the software is fully functional or available. Specification occurs interactively; components and actions are selected from menus, or by working with the AUT in an advanced "observation mode". Test results and errors viewable in a results view, can be saved as html or xml file.

CMTJava - Complexity measurement tool from Verifysoft GmbH. Includes McCabe cyclomatic complexity, lines-of-code metrics, Halstead metrics, maintainability index.

JavaCov - A J2SE/J2EE Coverage testing tool from Alvicom; specializes in testing to MC/DC (Modified Condition/Decision Coverage) depth. Capabilities include: Eclipse plugin; report generation into HTML and XML; Apache Ant integration and support for test automation.

Jameleon - Open source automated testing harness for acceptance-level and integration testing, written in Java. Separates applications into features and allows those features to be tied together independently, in XML, creating self-documenting automated test cases. These test-cases can then be data-driven and executed against different environments. Easily extensible via plug-ins; includes support for web applications and database testing.

Agitator - Automated java unit testing tool from Agitar Software. Creates instances of classes being exercised, calling each method with selected, dynamically created sets of input data, and analyzing results. Stores all information in XML files; works with Eclipse and a variety of IDEs. Also available are: automated JUnit generation, code-rule enforcement, and more.

PMD - Open source tool scans Java code for potential bugs, dead code, duplicate code, etc. - works with a variety of configurable and modifiable rulesets. Integrates with a wide variety of IDE's.

JLint - Open source static analysis tool will check Java code and find bugs, inconsistencies and synchronization problems by doing data flow analysis and building the lock graph.

Lint4j - A static Java source and byte code analyzer that detects locking and threading issues, performance and scalability problems, and checks complex contracts such as Java serialization by performing type, data flow, and lock graph analysis. Eclipse, Ant and Maven plugins available.

FindBugs - Open source static analysis tool to inspect Java bytecode for occurrences of bug patterns, such as difficult language features, misunderstood API methods, misunderstood invariants when code is modified during maintenance, garden variety mistakes such as typos, use of the wrong boolean, etc. Can report false warnings, generally less than 50%.

CheckStyle - Open source tool for checking code layout issues, class design problems, duplicate code, bug patterns, and much more.

Java Development Tools - Java coverage, metrics, profiler, and clone detection tools from Semantic Designs.

AppPerfect Test Studio - Suite of testing, tuning, and monitoring products for java development from AppPerfect Corp. Includes: Unit Tester, Code Analyzer, Java/J2EE Profiler and other modules.

GJTester - Java unit, regression, and contract (black box) test tool from TreborSoft. Enables test case and test script development without programming. Test private and protected functions, and server application's modules, without implementing test clients, regression testing for JAVA VM upgrades. Useful for testing CORBA, RMI, and other server technologies as well. GUI interface emphasizing ease of use.

QFTest - A cross-platform system and load testing tool from Quality First Software with support for for Java GUI test automation (Swing, Eclipse/SWT, Webstart, Applets, ULC). Includes small-scale test management capabilities, capture/replay mechanism, intuitive user interface and extensive documentation, reliable component recognition and can handle complex and custom GUI objects, integrated test debugger and customizable reporting.

Cactus - A simple open-source test framework for unit testing server-side java code (Servlets, EJBs, Tag Libs, Filters, etc.). Intent is to allow fine-grained continuous testing of all files making up an application: source code but also meta-data files (such as deployment descriptors, etc) through an in-container approach. It uses JUnit and extends it. Typically use within your IDE, or from the command line, using Ant. From Apache Software Foundation.

JUnitPerf - Allows performance testing to be dynamically added to existing JUnit tests. Enables quick composition of a performance test suite, which can then be run automatically and independent of other JUnit tests. Intended for use where there are performance/scalability requirements that need re-checking while refactoring code. By Mike Clark/Clarkware Consulting, licensed under the BSD License.

Koalog Code Coverage - Code coverage analyzer for Java applications from Koalog SARL. Includes: in-process or remote coverage computation, capability of working directly on Java method binaries (no recompilation), predefined (XML, HTML, LaTex, CSV, TEXT) or custom report generation, and session merging to allow compilation of overall results for distinct executions. Integrates with Ant and JUnit.

Abbot Java GUI Test Framework - Testing framework by Timothy Wall provides automated event generation and validation of Java GUI components, improving upon the very basic functions provided by the java.awt.Robot class. (Abbot = "A Better 'Bot'). The framework may be invoked directly from Java code or accessed without programming through the use of scripts via 'Costello', a script editor/recorder. Suitable for use both by developers for unit tests and QA for functional testing. Free - available under the GNU Lesser General Public License

JUnit - Framework to write repeatable java unit tests - a regression testing framework written by Erich Gamma and Kent Beck. For use by developers implementing unit tests in Java. Free Open Source Software released under the IBM Public License and hosted on SourceForge. Site includes a large collection of extensions and documentation.

jfcUnit - Framework for developing automated testing of Java Swing-based applications at the UI layer (as opposed to testing at lower layers, for which JUnit may be sufficient). Provides recording and playback capabilities. Also available as plugins for JBuilder and Eclipse. Free Open Source Software from SourceForge site.

JBench - Freeware Java benchmarking framework to compare algorithms, virtual machines, etc. for speed. Available as binary distribution (including documentation), source distribution, or jar file.

Clover - Code coverage tool for Java from Atlassian. Fully integrated plugin for Eclipse, IntelliJ IDEA and projects using Apache ANT and Maven. View coverage data in XML, HTML, PDF, or via a Swing GUI. Tracks cyclomatic complexity. TestOptimization automatically prioritises just the tests needed to cover the particular changes made.

JCover - Java code test coverage analysis tool from Codework Limited. Works with source or compiled files. Gathers coverage measures of branches, statements, methods, classes, file, package and produces reports in multiple formats. Coverage difference comparison between runs. Coverage API provided.

Structure101 - Java source code visualization tool from Headway Software. Lets user understand, measure, and control architecture, design, composition, and dependencies of code base. Analyzes byte code and shows all dependencies, at all levels and between all levels; method, class, package, application. Measures code complexity using a measurement framework called XS. For Windows, Linux and Mac OS X.

Java Tool Suite from Man Machine Systems - Includes JStyle, a Java source analyzer to generate code comments and metrics such as inheritance depth, Cyclomatic Number, Halstead Measures, etc; JPretty reformats Java code according to specified options; JCover test coverage analyzer; JVerify Java class/API testing tool uses an invasive testing model allowing access to internals of Java objects from within a test script and utilizes a proprietary OO scripting language; JMSAssert, a tool and technique for writing reliable software; JEvolve, an intelligent Java code evolution analyzer that automatically analyzes multiple versions of a Java program and shows how various classes have evolved across versions; can 'reason' about selective need for regression testing Java classes; JBrowser class browser; JSynTest, a syntax testing tool that automatically builds a Java-based test data generator.

JProbe Suite - Collection of Java debugging tools from Quest Software; includes JProbe Profiler and JProbe Memory Debugger for finding performance bottlenecks and memory leaks, LProbe Coverage code coverage tool, and JProbe Threadalyzer for finding deadlocks, stalls, and race conditions. JProfiler freeware version available.

Krakatau Professional for Java - Software metrics tool from Power Software includes more than 70 OO, procedural, complexity, and size metrics related to reusability, maintainability, testability, and clarity. Includes Cyclomatic Complexity, Enhanced Cyclomatic Complexity, Halstead Software Science metrics, LOC metrics and MOOD metrics. Has online advisor for quality improvement.

Jtest - ParaSoft's Jtest is an integrated, automatic unit testing and standards compliance tool for Java. It automatically generates and executes JUnit tests and checks whether code follows 400 coding standards and can automatically correct for many.

DevPartner Java Edition - Compuware's (formerly NuMega) debugging/productivity tool to detect and diagnose Java bugs and memory and performance problems; thread and event analysis, coverage analysis. Integrates with several Java IDE's.

VTune - Intel's performance tuning tool for applications running on Intel processors; includes Java support. Includes suggestions for optimization techniques.

TCAT for Java - Part of Software Research's TestWorks suite of test tools; code coverage analyzer and code analysis for Java; written in Java.

Open Source code analyzers listing - A listing of open source Java code analysis tools written in Java.

Open Source code coverage tools listing - A listing of open source Java code coverage tools written in Java.

Open Source Java test tools listing - A listing of open source tools and frameworks for Java testing, written in Java.

Open Source web test tools listing - A listing of open source web test tools and frameworks written in Java.

(Note: some other tools in these listings also handle testing, management, or load testing of java applets, servlets, and applications, or are planning to add such capabilities. Check listed web sites for current information.)

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Link Checking Tools

LinkTiger - Hosted link checker; free and $pro versions. Capabilities include e-mail alerts, dashboard, reporting; canned reports or create rich custom reports. Scans PDF, CSS, Flash and MS Office files, flash-animation.

SiteAnalysis - Hosted service from Webmetrics, used to test and validate critical website components, such as internal and external links, domain names, DNS servers and SSL certificates. Runs as often as every hour, or as infrequent as once a week. Ideal for dynamic sites requiring frequent link checking.

HiSoftware Link Validation Utility - Link validation tool; available as part of the AccVerify Product Line.

ChangeAgent - Link checking and repair tool from Expandable Language. Identifies orphan files and broken links when browsing files; employs a simple, familiar interface for managing files; previews files when fixing broken links and before orphan removal; updates links to moved and renamed files; fixes broken links with an easy, 3-click process; provides multiple-level undo/redo for all operations; replaces links but does not reformat or restructure HTML code. For Windows.

Link Checker Pro - Link check tool from KyoSoft; can also produce a graphical site map of entire web site. Handles HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP protocols; several report formats available. For Windows platforms.

Web Link Validator - Link checker from REL Software checks links for accuracy and availability, finds broken links or paths and links with syntactic errors. Export to text, HTML, CSV, RTF, Excel. Freeware 'REL Link Checker Lite' version available for small sites. For Windows.

Site Audit - Low-cost on-the-web link-checking service from Blossom Software.

Xenu's Link Sleuth - Freeware link checker by Tilman Hausherr; supports SSL websites; partial testing of ftp and gopher sites; detects and reports redirected URL; Site Map; for Windows.

Linkalarm - Low cost on-the-web link checker from Link Alarm Inc.; free trial period available. Automatically-scheduled reporting by e-mail.

Alert Linkrunner - Link check tool from Viable Software Alternatives; evaluation version available. For Windows.

InfoLink - Link checker program from BiggByte Software; can be automatically scheduled; includes FTP link checking; multiple page list and site list capabilities; customizable reports; changed-link checking; results can be exported to database. For Windows. Discontinued, but old versions still available as freeware.

LinkScan - Electronic Software Publishing Co.'s link checker/site mapping tool; capabilities include automated retesting of problem links, randomized order checking; can check for bad links due to specified problems such as server-not-found, unauthorized-access, doc-not-found, relocations, timeouts. Includes capabilities for central management of large multiple intranet/internet sites. Results stored in database, allowing for customizable queries and reports. Validates hyperlinks for all major protocols; HTML syntax error checking. For all UNIX flavors, Windows, Mac.

CyberSpyder Link Test - Shareware link checker by Aman Software; capabilities include specified URL exclusions, ID/Password entries, test resumption at interruption point, page size analysis, 'what's new' reporting. For Windows.

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HTML Validators

RealValidator - Shareware HTML validator based on SGML parser by Liam Quinn. Unicode-enabled, supports documents in virtually any language; supports XHTML 1.0, HTML 4.01, HTML 4.0, HTML 3.2, HTML 3.0, and HTML 2.0 ; extensible - add proprietary HTML DTDs or change the existing ones; fetches external DTDs by HTTP and caches them for faster validation; HTML 3.2 and HTML 4.0 references included as HTML Help. For Windows.

HTML Validator - Firefox add-on, open source by Marc Gueury. The validation is done on your local machine inside Firefox and Mozilla. Error count of an HTML page is seen as an icon in the status bar when browsing. Can validate the HTML sent by the server or the HTML in the memory (after Ajax execution). Error details available when viewing the HTML source of the page. Based on Tidy and OpenSP (SGML Parser). Available in 17 languages and for Windows and other platforms.

CSE 3310 HTML Validator - HTML syntax checker for Windows from AI Internet Solutions. Supports wide variety of standards; accessibility (508) checking; uppercase/lowercase converter. Free 'lite' version. For Windows.

(Note: Many of the products listed in the Web Site Management Tools section include HTML validation capabilities.)

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Free On-the-Web HTML Validators and Link Checkers

Site Check - Type in one URL and automatically run HTML and stylesheet validators, accessibility assessment, link check, load time check, and more. Organizes access to a collection of free online web test tools. Site of UITest.com/Jens Meiert. Also lists a wide variety of free online web analysis/development/test tools.

Link Valet - Online link checker, includes capability fot hilight links modified since a specified date.

Dead-Links.com - Free link-checker limited to 25 pages per domain and 150 external documents. Higher limits if site has a link to Dead-Links.com.

WDG HTML Validator - Web Design Group's validator - latest HTML version support, flexible input methods, user-friendly error messages.

Web Page 'Purifier' - Free on-the-web HTML checker by DJ Delorie allows viewing a page 'purified' to HTML 2.0, HTML 3.2, HTML 4.0, or WebTV 1.1. standards.

W3C HTML Validation Service - HTML validation site run by the WWW Consortium (the folks who set web standards); handles one URL at a time; Can choose from among 30 character encoding types, and multiple HTML and XHTML document types/versions.

W3C CSS Validation Service - CSS validation site run by the WWW Consortium (the folks who set web standards); handles one URI at a time; or upload file or validate by direct input.

W3C Link Checker - Link checking service run by the WWW Consortium (the folks who set web standards); configurable. Handles one URL at a time. PERL source also available for download.

Weblint Gateway - Site with online HTML validator; somewhat configurable. Site provided by San Francisco State University.

Web Page Backward Compatibility Viewer - On-the-web HTML checker by DJ Delorie; will serve a web page to you with various selectable tags switched on or off; very large selection of browser types; to check how various browsers or versions might see a page.

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PERL and C Programs for Validating and Checking

W3C Link Checker - Link checker PERL source code, via the WWW Consortium (the folks who set web standards); configurable. Handles one URL at a time.

HTML TIDY - Free utility available from SourceForget.net; originally by Dave Raggett. For automatic fixing of HTML errors, formatting disorganized editing, and finding problem HTML areas. Available as source code or binaries.

Big Brother - Freeware command-line link checker for Unix, Windows, by Francois Pottier. Available as source code; binary avaialable for Linux.

LinkLint - Open source Perl program checks local/remote HTML links. Includes cross referenced and hyperlinked output reports, ability to check password-protected areas, support for all standard server-side image maps, reports of orphan files and files with mismatching case, reports URLs changed since last checked, support of proxy servers for remote URL checking. Distributed under Gnu General Public License. Has not been updated in recent years.

MOMspider - Multi-Owner Maintenance Spider; link checker. PERL script for a web spider for web site maintenance; for UNIX and PERL. Utilizes the HTTP 'HEAD' request instead of the 'GET' request so that it does not require retreival of the entire html page. This site contains an interesting discussion on the use of META tags. Not updated in recent years.

HTMLchek for awk or perl - Old but still useful HTML 2.0 or 3.0 validator programs for AWK or PERL by H. Churchyard; site has much documentation and related info. Not updated in recent years.

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Web Functional/Regression Test Tools

Ranorex Automation Framework - A Windows GUI test automation framework from Ranorex GmbH for testing many different application types including Web 2.0 applications, Win32, MFC, WPF, Flash, .NET and Java (SWT). For C++, Python and .NET languages. Avoids proprietary scripting languages and instead enables use of the functionalities of programming languages like Python or C# as a base and expand on it with its GUI automation functionality. The Ranorex Spy tool allows users to explore and analyze host or web applications. Ranorex object repositories and repository browser enables separation of test automation code/recordings from RanoreXPath identification information. The IDE includes test project management, integration of all Ranorex tools (Recorder, Repository, Spy), intuitive code editor, code completion, debugging, and watch monitor.

SafariWatir - Ruby gem that adds Watir support for Safari on the Mac (the originial Watir is for Windows); open source by Dave Hoover and others. For OS X running Safari.

Celerity - An open source JRuby wrapper around HtmlUnit. Runs as a headless Java browser - speeding up web testing; Java threads enablle running tests in parallel; can run in background. JavaScript support. Provides simple API for programmatic navigation thu web apps. Intended to be API compatible with Watir. For any platform.

Webrat - Ruby-based utility to enable quick development of web app acceptance tests. Open source by Bryan Helmkamp. Leverages the DOM to run tests similarly to in-browser test tools like Watir or Selenium without the associated performance hit and browser dependency. Best for web apps that do NOT utilize Javascript; apps using Javascript in-browser tools may be more appropriate.

CubicTest - An open source graphical Eclipse plug-in for writing functional web tests in Selenium and Watir. Makes web tests faster and easier to write, and provides abstractions to make tests more robust and reusable. Tests are stored in XML, directly mapped from the CubicTest domain model to XML via XStream. Tests can at any time be exported to Selenium Core tables (a popular test format) or Watir test cases. Supports recording; maven.

Selenium Grid - An open source web functional testing tool that can transparently distribute your tests on multiple machines to enable running tests in parallel, cutting down the time required for running in-browser test suites. This enables speed-up of in-browser web testing. Selenium tests interact with a 'Selenium Hub' instead of Selenium Remote Control. The Hub allocates Selenium Remote Controls to each test. The Hub is also in charge of routing the Selenium requests from the tests to the appropriate Remote Control as well as keeping track of testing sessions. Requires Java 5+ JDK, Ant 1.7.x

Mechanize - Open source; Ruby library for automating interaction with websites; automatically stores and sends cookies, follows redirects, can follow links, and submit forms. Form fields can be populated and submitted. Also keeps track of the sites visited. It is a Ruby version of Andy Lester's Perl 'Mechanize' Note: does not handle javascript.

Automation Anywhere - Tool from Tethys Solutions using 'SMART' Automation Technology offers over 180+ powerful actions for web automation. Works with any website, including complex websites using java, javascript, AJAX, Flash or iFrames. Agent-less remote deployment allows automated task to be run over various machines on the network. An advanced Web Recorder ensures accurate re-runs taking into account website changes. Also includes an editor with Point & Click wizards to automate tasks in minutes. includes link checking.

StoryTestIQ - StoryTestIQ (STIQ) is a test framework used to create Automated Acceptance Tests. It's a mashup of Selenium and FitNesse: its "wiki-ized" Selenium with widgets and features that make it easier to write and organize Selenium tests.

Web2Test - Automated test tool from itCampus Software for testing of web-based applications and portals. Runs under Windows and Linux and supports Firefox, Internet Explorer, Mozilla and Seamonkey. Provides a scripting interface in Jython and Groovy. Test scripts are browser and platform independent; supports data driven and distributed testing.

Watij - Web Application Testing in Java, an open source pure Java API. Based on the simplicity of the Watir open source web test framework and enhanced by the capabilities of Java; automates functional testing of web apps through a real browser. Provides a BeanShell Desktop console; For MS IE on Windows.

TestMaker - Free open source utility maintained by PushToTest.com and Frank Cohen, for functional testing as well as performance and scalability testing. Features test authoring of Web applications, Rich Internet Applications (RIA) using Ajax, Service Oriented Architecture, and Business Process Management environments. Integrates Selenium, soapUI, TestGen4Web, and HTMLUnit to make test development faster/easier. Repurposes tests from these tools into tests, and business service monitors with no coding. Repurposes unit tests written in Java, Jython, JRuby, Groovy, and other dynamic scripting languages. Runs on any platform.

AutoMate - Automation platform from Network Automation, includes capability to simulates GUI activity via the browser.Inc with robust automated testing capabilities. Capabilities include support for HTTPS; Microsoft Excel Integration; a test run Event Database, native Terminal Emulation support. Tasks can be developed via drag-and-drop without writing code. Runs on Windows platforms.

Automation Anywhere - Functional test automation tool from Tethys Solutions, LLC, includes web test automation capabilities - includes a web recorder that understands web controls; web page data extraction capabilities. For Win platforms

Gomez RealityCheck XF - Provides functional testing for Web 2.0 applications; a solution for cross-browser, functional QA testing of traditional, Ajax-enabled, and other Rich Internet Applications. Enables easy creation and loading of scripts of business transactions recorded using Selenium.

iMacros for Firefox - Free Firefox add-on to record and automate web interactions. Can use variables inside the macros, and import data from CSV files. Includes user agent switcher, PDF download and Flash, ad and image blocking functions. The recorded macros can be combined and controlled with Javascript, so complex tasks can be scripted. The EXTRACT command enables reading of data from a website and exporting it to CSV files. Full Unicode support and works with all languages including multi-byte languages such as Chinese. STOPWATCH command enables capturing of web page response times

Avignon Acceptance Testing System - Open source acceptance test system that allows writing of executable tests in a language that the user can define. It uses XML to define the syntax of the language but, if the user chooses to extend the language, allows the semantics of the tests to be user-defined. Includes modules for testing web applications through either IE or FireFox, and modules for testing Swing and .NET WinForm applications also..

InCisif.Net - Web test tool from InCisif Software for client side functional testing of web apps under MSIE, using C# or VB.NET. Use InCisif Assistant to record user interactions with web application. Write, edit, execute and debug using MS Visual Studio or Visual Basic and C# Express.

Sahi - Free open-source web test tool, written in java and javascript, by Narayan Raman; capabilities include an Accessor Viewer for identifying html elements for scripting, editable scripts (javascript), simple APIs, ant support for playback of suites of tests, multi threaded playback, HTTP and HTTPS support, AJAX support, logging/reports, suites can run in multiple threads thus reducing the test execution time.

Solstice Integra Suite - Automation tool from Solstice Software. Contains Solstice Integra Test Automation, which offers a set of out-of-the-box test automation and management features for testing within integration and SOA environments. Solstice Integra Test Automation can be used alone or in conjunction with one or more of pluggable Platform Libraries that are tailored to optimize validation of today's leading ESB and SOA platforms. Solstice Integra Platform Libraries include TIBCO, WebSphere, webMethods, J2EE and BEA. Includes unit testing, record-and-replay, message tracing, and simulation capabilities.

Vermont HighTest Plus - Regression-testing tool from Vermont Creative Software for browser-based applications; also tests stand-alone; direct integration into Internet Explorer. Integrated Debugger allows stepping through tests one line at a time to examine the value of variables in real-time.

WebFT - Web-centric functional testing solution from Radview, supports both established and emerging web technologies. Provides a visual environment for creating Agendas (scripts) that include test recording, editing, debugging, verification and reporting features.

Floyd - A Java library for automated testing of web applications; provides full control of standard web browsers such as Firefox and MSIE. Interaction with the browser and any loaded web pages is achieved via calls to Floyd's Java API. Has two main components: a normal browser embedded into the web application and controlled via its public interface, and an embedded servlet container/web server. Can be used with any unit test library,

Imprimatur - Free web functional testing tool by Tony Locke, written in Java as a command-line application. Tests are described in a simple XML file; along with standard GET, POST and DELETE methods, handles HTTP authentication and file uploads. Responses can be validated using regular expressions.

WET - Open source web testing tool that drives MSIE directly; from Qantom Software Pvt. Ltd. Has many features like multiple parameter based object identification for more reliable object recognition, support for XML Based Object Repository and more. Scripting in Ruby; written in Ruby.

SOASTA Concerto - A suite of visual tools for automated web functional and load testing from SOASTA, Inc. Available as services on the web. Drag and drop visual interface that also allows access to underlying message complexity. Task-specific visual editors support creation of targets, messages, test cases, and test compositions. Works with Firefox and MSIE, Win and OSX.

Regression Tester - Web test tool from Info-Pack.com allows testing of functionality of any page or form Reports are fully customizable.

Yawet - Visual web test tool from InforMatrix GmbH enables graphical creation of web app tests. Create, run and debug functional and regression tests for web applications. Can verify HTML, XML, and PDF' ability to do report generation, reusable step libraires and parameterization. Freeware; download jar file and start by double-click or with command javaw -jar yawet.jar

vTest - Web functional and regression test tool from Verisium Inc. Includes record and playback capabilities and scripting utilizing JavaScript. For Windows platforms.

SWExplorerAutomation - Low cost web tool from Webius creates an automation API for any Web application which uses HTML and DHTML and works with MSIE. The Web application becomes programmatically accessible from any .NET language. The SWExplorerAutomation API provides access to Web application controls and content. The API is generated using SWExplorerAutomation Visual Designer, which helps create programmable objects from Web page content. Features include script recording and VB/C# code generation.

LISA for Web Apps - Automated web application testing tool from iTKO, Inc. Browser-based test record and playback. Point-and-click capture and reuse of a test case against any web application using any browser type. No test coding or scripting. Supports active sessions, SSL, authentication and magic strings.

Squish for Web - Cross platform automated testing framework from Froglogic GmbH for HTML-based Web and Web 2.0/Ajax applications running in any of several browsers. Record or create/modify scripts using Tcl, Python, JavaScript. Automatic identification of GUI objects of the AUT; inspect AUT's objects, properties and methods on run-time using the Squish Spy. Can be run via a GUI front-end or via command line tools. Can execute tests in a debugger allowing setting breakpoints and stepping through test scripts.

Funkload - Web functional testing and load testing tool written in Python and distributed as free software under the GNU GPL. Emulates a web browser (single-threaded) using webunit; https support; produces detailed reports in ReST, HTML, or PDF. Functional tests are pure Python scripts using the pyUnit framework.

WebCorder - Free GUI web testing tool from Crimson Solutions, developed in VB. Designed for end users who are doing web based software testing, as a simple tool to record test scenarios, and play them back and generate log files. The user may also check for text or images on the screen or save screenshots.

Watir - 'Web Application Testing in Ruby', a free open-source tool, drives MSIE browser and checks results. Uses Ruby, a full featured object-oriented scripting language. Does not work with ActiveX plugin components, Java Applets, Macromedia Flash, or other plugin applications. Note: additional tools are available to extend some capabilities - see the Alternative Tools for Web Testing' page at the OpenQA site for more info.

FireWatir - Open source web testing tool has a similar API to Watir, though accesses the DOM by invoking JavaScript by using the JSSh XPI to telnet into the browser. While Watir works with MSIE, FireWatir is compatible with Firefox 1.5 and above. FireWatir allows Watir scripts written for IE to work with Firefox as well, usually requiring either no change or very small changes to existing scripts. It is planned for FireWatir and Watir to be merged. The wiki includes info on compatibility issues between Watir and Firewatir.

WatiN - 'Web Application Testing in .Net', a free open-source tool, drives MSIE browser and checks results. Uses C#. Automates all major HTML elements, find elements by multiple attributes, supports AJAX website testing, supports frames (cross domain) and iframes, supports popup dialogs like alert, confirm, login etc.,supports HTML dialogs (modal and modeless), and has a basic (extensible) logging mechanism Also available is a WatiN Test Recorder

Selenium - Free open-source tool, originially from Thoughtworks. Records web apps on Firefox; scripts recorded in 'Selenese' or any of 6 languages. Run against Internet Explorer, Mozilla and Firefox on Windows, Linux and Mac. For browser compatability testing and system functional testing.

PesterCat - Low cost web functional testing tool from PesterCat LLC. Features include recording and playback of HTTP web requests, XML format for saved scripts, HTTP response validations, perform backend database validations or call procedures, use variables and variable setters to make scripts dynamic, automate test scripts with Ant tasks to run scripts and generate reports. Requires Java JRE; for Linux, Mac OSX, and Windows.

IeUnit - IeUnit is an open-source simple framework to test logical behaviors of web pages, released under IBM's Common Public License. It helps users to create, organize and execute functional unit tests. Includes a test runner with GUI interface. Implemented in JavaScript for the Windows XP platform with Internet Explorer.

QEngine Web Test Studio - Automated testing tool from AdventNet for functional testing of web applications and web services. For Linux anx Windows. Records and plays in IE, Mozilla, and Firefox browsers.

AppPerfect DevSuite - Suite of testing, tuning, and monitoring products from AppPerfect Corp. that includes a web functional testing module. Records browser interaction by element instead of screen co-ordinates. Supports handling dynamic content created by JavaScript; supports ASP, JSP, HTML, cookies, SSL. For Windows and MSIE; integrates with a variety of IDE's.

JStudio SiteWalker - Test tool from Jarsch Software Studio allows capture/replay recording; fail definitions can be specified for each step of the automated workflow via JavaScript. JavaScript's Document Object Model enables full access to all document elements. Test data from any database or Excel spreadsheet can be mapped to enter values automatically into HTML form controls. HTML-based test result reports can be generated. Shareware for Windows/MSIE.

Test Complete Enterprise - Automated test tool from AutomatedQA Corp. for testing of web applicatons as well as Windows, .NET, and Java applications. Includes capabilities for automated functional, unit, regression, manual, data-driven, object-driven, distributed and HTTP load, stress and scalability testing. Requires Windows and MSIE.

actiWate - Java-based Web application testing environment from Actimind Inc. Advanced framework for writing test scripts in Java (similar to open-source frameworks like HttpUnit, HtmlUnit etc. but with extended API), and Test Writing Assistant - Web browser plug-in module to assist the test writing process. Freeware.

WebInject - Open source tool in PERL for automated testing of web applications and services. Can be used to unit test any individual component with an HTTP interface (JSP, ASP, CGI, PHP, servlets, HTML forms, etc.) or it can be used to create a suite of HTTP level functional or regression tests.

jWebUnit - Open source Java framework that facilitates creation of acceptance tests for web applications. Provides a high-level API for navigating a web application combined with a set of assertions to verify the application's correctness including navigation via links, form entry and submission, validation of table contents, and other typical business web application features. Utilizes HttpUnit behind the scenes. The simple navigation methods and ready-to-use assertions allow for more rapid test creation than using only JUnit and HttpUnit.

SimpleTest - Open source unit testing framework which aims to be a complete PHP developer test solution. Includes all of the typical functions that would be expected from JUnit and the PHPUnit ports, but also adds mock objects; has some JWebUnit functionality as well. This includes web page navigation, cookie testing and form submission.

WinTask - Macro recorder from TaskWare, automates repetitive tasks for Web site testing (and standard Windows applications), with its HTML objects recognition. Includes capability to expand scope of macros by editing and adding loops, branching statements, etc. (300+ commands); ensure robustness of scripts with Synchronization commands. Includes a WinTask Scheduler.

Canoo WebTest - Free Java Open Source tool for automatic functional testing of web applications. XML-based test script code is editable with user's preferred XML editor; until recording capabilities are added, scripts have to be developed manually. Can group tests into a testsuite that again can be part of a bigger testsuite. Test results are reported in either plain text or XML format for later presentation via XSLT. Standard reporting XSLT stylesheets included, and can be adapted to any reporting style or requirements.

TestSmith - Functional/Regression test tool from Quality Forge. Includes an Intelligent, HTML/DOM-Aware and Object Mode Recording Engine, and a Data-Driven, Adaptable and Multi-Threaded Playback Engine. Handles Applets, Flash, Active-X controls, animated bitmaps, etc. Controls are recorded as individual objects independent of screen positions or resolution; playback window/size can be different than in capture. Special validation points, such as bitmap or text matching, can be inserted during a recording, but all recorded items are validated and logged 'on the fly'. Fuzzy matching capabilities. Editable scripts can be recorded in SmithSript language or in Java, C++ or C++/MFC.

TestAgent - Capture/playback tool for user acceptance testing from Strenuus, LLC. Key features besides capture/playback include automatically detecting and capturing standard and custom content errors. Reports information needed to troubleshoot problems. Enables 'Persistent Acceptance Testing' that activates tests each time a web application is used.

MITS.GUI - Unique test automation tool from Omsphere LLC; has an intelligent state machine engine that makes real-time decisions for navigating through the GUI portion of an application. It can test thousands of test scenarios without use of any scripts. Allows creation of completely new test scenarios without ever having performed that test before, all without changing tool, testware architecture (object names, screen names, etc), or logic associated with the engine. Testers enter test data into a spreadsheet used to populate objects that appear for the particular test scenario defined.

Badboy - Tool from Bradley Software to aid in building and testing dynamic web based applications. Combines sophisticated capture/replay ability with performance testing and regression features. Free for most uses; source code avalable.

SAMIE - Free tool designed for QA engineers - 'Simple Automated Module For Internet Explorer'. Perl module that allows a user to automate use of IE via Perl scripts; Written in ActivePerl, allowing inheritance of all Perl functionality including regular expressions, Perl dbi database access, many Perl cpan library functions. Uses IE's built in COM object which provides a reference to the DOM for each browser window or frame. Easy development and maintenance - no need to keep track of GUI maps for each window. For Windows.

PAMIE - Free open-source 'Python Automated Module For Internet Explorer' Allows control of an instance of MSIE and access to it's methods though OLE automation . Utilizes Collections, Methods, Events and Properties exposed by the DHTML Object Model.

PureTest - Free tool from Minq Software AB, includes an HTTP Recorder and Web Crawler. Create scenarios using the point and click interface. Includes a scenario debugger including single step, break points and response introspection. Supports HTTPS/SSL, dynamic Web applications, data driven scenarios, and parsing of response codes or parsing page content for expected or unexpected strings. Includes a Task API for building custom test tasks. The Web Crawler is useful for verifying consistency of a static web structure, reporting various metrics, broken links and the structure of the crawled web. Multi-platform - written in Java.

Solex - Web application testing tool built as a plug-in for the Eclipse IDE (an open, extensible IDE). Records HTTP messages by acting as a Web proxy; recorded sessions can be saved as XML and reopened later. HTTP requests and responses are fully displayed in order to inspect and customize their content. Allows the attachment of extraction or replacement rules to any HTTP message content, and assertions to responses in order to validate a scenario during its playback.

QA Wizard Pro - Automated functional test tool for web, windows, and java applications from Seapine Software. Includes a next-generation scripting language, 'smart matching', a global application repository, data-driven testing support, validation check points, and built-in debugging, batch file support, a real-time status tool, and remote execution support.

HttpUnit - Open source Java program for accessing web sites without a browser, from SourceForge.net/Open Source Development Network, designed and implemented by Russell Gold. Ideally suited for automated unit testing of web sites when combined with a Java unit test framework such as JUnit. Emulates the relevant portions of browser behavior, including form submission, basic http authentication, cookies and automatic page redirection, and allows Java test code to examine returned pages as text, an XML DOM, or containers of forms, tables, and links. Includes ServletUnit to test servlets without a servlet container.

iOpus Internet Macros - Macro recorder utility from iOpus Inc. automates repetitious aspects of web site testing. Records any combination of browsing, form filling, clicking, script testing and information gathering; assists user during the recording with visual feedback. Power users can manually edit a recorded macro. A command line interface allows for easy integration with other test software. Works by remote controlling the browser, thus automatically supports advanced features such as SSL, HTTP-Redirects and cookies. Can handle data input from text files, databases, or XML. Can extract web data and save as CSV file or process the data via a script. For Windows and MSIE.

MaxQ - Free open-source web functional testing tool from Tigris.org, written in Java. Works as a proxy server; includes an HTTP proxy recorder to automate test script generation, and a mechanism for playing tests back from the GUI and command line. Jython is used as the scripting language, and JUnit is used as the testing library.

TestDrive-Gold - Test tool from Original Software Group Ltd. utilizes a new approach to recording/playback of web browser scripts. It analyses the underlying intentions of the script and executes it by direct communication with web page elements. IntelliScripting logic removes the reliance on specific browser window sizes, component location and mouse movements for accurate replay, and for easier script maintenance; supports hyperlinks targeted at new instances of browser. Playback can run in background while other tasks are performed on the same machine.

Compuware TestPartner - Automated software testing tool from Compuware designed specifically to validate Windows, Java, and web-based applications. The 'TestPartner Visual Navigator' can create visual-based tests, or MS VBA can be used for customized scripting.

WebKing - Web site functional, load, and static analysis test suite from ParaSoft. Maps and tests all possible paths through a dynamic site; can enforce over 200 HTML, CSS, JavaScript, 508 compliance, WML and XHTML coding standards or customized standards. Allows creation of rules for automatic monitoring of dynamic page content. Can run load tests based on the tool's analysis of web server log files. For Windows, Linux, Solaris.

eValid - Web functional test tool from Software Research Inc. Browser-centric view simplifies test recording and editing, and replays user activity with accuracy by combining browser-internal data, timers, event counters, and direct DOM access. Can be used for AJAX-based web development methodologies. The built-in test suite management system eV.Manager controls test suite structure, runs tests automatically, records detailed logs and pass/fail statistics, and can handle hundreds of thousands of tests.

Rational Functional Tester - IBM's (formerly Rational's) automated tool for testing of Java, .NET, and web-based applications. Enables data-driven testing, choice of scripting languages and editors. For Windows and Linux.

QuickTest Pro - Functional/regression test tool from HP (formerly Mercury); keyword-driven; includes support for testing Web, Java, ERP, etc.

QA Center Test Partner - Functional/regression tool from Compuware for testing of web, Java, and other applications. Handles ActiveX, HTML, DHTML, XML, Java beans, and more.

SilkTest - Functional test tool from Borland (formerly Segue) for Web, Java or traditional client/server-based applications. Features include: test creation and customization, test planning and management, direct database access and validation, recovery system for unattended testing, and IDE for developing, editing, compiling, running, and debugging scripts, test plans, etc.

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Web Site Security Test Tools

Fortify 360 - Security product from Fortify Software Inc. includes vulnerability detection. Integrates static source code analysis, dynamic runtime analysis, and real-time monitoring to identify and accurately prioritize the greatest number of critical security vulnerabilities. Capabilities include the Program Trace Analyzer (PTA) that finds vulnerabilities that become apparent only while an application is running - integrate into a QA test to find vulnerabilities while a functional test is being conducted on an application.

OWASP Security Testing Tools - Variety of free and open source web security testing tools via the OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project) site. SQLiX is an SQL injection vulnerability test tool that uses multiple techniques - conditional errors injection; blind injection based on integers, strings or statements, MS-SQL verbose error messages ("taggy" method); can identify database version and gather info for MS-Access, MS-SQL, MySQL, Oracle and PostgreSQL. Other security testing tools available include WebScarab, Tiger, LAPSE, Pantera, etc.

Retina Web Security Scanner - Vulnerability scanning tool from eEye Inc. for large, complex web sites and web applications. Identifies application vulnerabilities as well as site exposure risk, ranks threat priority, produces graphical, intuitive HTML reports, and indicates site security posture by vulnerabilities and threat level. Also performs an advanced site analysis on site structure, content and configuration to identify inherent exposure to future or emerging threats.

Hailstorm - Automated web security testing tool from Cenzic Inc.; customize and configure tests based on requirements, or use pre-sets for quick assessments. Capabilities include: prioritize vulnerabilities with a quantitative score called HARM; easy-to-use wizard-based interface; 'SmartAttacks' library, updated frequently; comprehensive reports with detailed remediation information and export capabilities; administrator control over user roles, tasks and privileges. Enterprise, Pro, Core, and Starter versions.

GamaSec - Automated online website vulnerability assessment delivers proactive tests to Web Servers, Web-interfaced Systems, and Web-based Applications. Configurable scan intervals/frequency. Supports a wide variety of HTTP Authentication schemes, common HTTP protocol, BASIC, NTLM with abilities to analyze the broadest web technologies; PHP, ASP.NET, ASP, etc.

Wikto - Web server security assessment tool for windows servers, open source, from SensePost. It's three main sections are its Back-End miner, Nikto-like functionality, and Googler to obtain additional directories for use by the other two. Includes ability to export results to CSV file

Nikto Scanner - Open source web server scanner from CIRT.net which performs comprehensive tests against web servers for multiple items, including over 3300 potentially dangerous files/CGIs, versions on over 625 servers, and version specific problems on over 230 servers. Scan items and plugins are frequently updated and can be automatically updated.

HP WebInspect - WebInspect automated security assessment tool for web applications and services, from HP (Formely SPI Dynamics). Identifies known and unknown vulnerabilities, includes checks that validate proper web server configuration. Capabilities includes discovery of all XML input parameters and parameter manipulation on each XML field looking for vulnerabilities within the service itself. Requires Windows and MSIE.

AppScan - Tool suite from Rational/IBM (formerly Watchfire) automates web application security testing, produces defect analyses, and offers recommendations for fixing detected security flaws. Assessment module can be used by auditors and compliance officers to conduct comprehensive audits, and to validate compliance with security requirements.

Acunetix Web Vulnerability Scanner - Web site security testing tool from Acunetix first identifies web servers from a particular IP or IP range. It then crawls entire site, gathering information about every file it finds, and displaying website structure. After this discovery stage, it performs an automatic audit for common security issues. Applications utilizing CGI, PHP, ASP, ASP.NET can all be tested for vulnerabilities such as cross site scripting, SQL injection, CRLF injection, code execution, directory traversal and more. Requires Windows and MSIE.

Defensics Core Internet Test Suite - Security testing tool from Codenomicon Onc. searches and pre-emptively eliminates security-related flaws from the implementations that create the backbone of the modern Internet and communication between the networked devices. This includes, but is not limited to, routers, switches, firewalls, desktop and server systems, laptops, PDAs, cell phones and other mobile systems, as well as a large number of various embedded systems. Because several protocols from this category are often tightly coupled with the underlying operating system, serious flaws in handling them may easily result in total system compromises.

Perimeter Check - SecurityMetrics 'Perimeter Check' service analyzes external network devices like servers, websites, firewalls, routers, and more for security vulnerabilities which may lead to interrupted service, data theft or system destruction. Includes instructions to help immediately remedy security problems. Can automatically schedule vulnerability assessment of designated IP addresses during low traffic times.

Core Impact Pro - Security testing tool from Core Security Technologies for web apps and other systems. Uses penetration testing techniques to safely identify exposures to critical, emerging threats and trace complex attack paths

C5 Compliance Platform - Security testing apliance from SecureElements Inc. for determining security and compliance status across heterogeneous systems. Identifies security vulnerabilities, finds compliance exposures, evaluates and matches exposures with fixes, provides ready to deploy remediations and enforcement actions, and summarized or detailed views of monitored assets, information security exposures, and compliance risks.

Snort - Open source network intrusion prevention and detection system from Sourcefire Inc.; uses a rule-driven language, which combines the benefits of signature, protocol and anomaly based inspection methods. Can perform protocol analysis, content searching/matching and can be used to detect a variety of attacks and probes, such as buffer overflows, stealth port scans, CGI attacks, SMB probes, OS fingerprinting attempts, and much more.

SecurityMetrics Appliance - Integrated software and hardware device includes Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems and Vulnerability Assessment. Operates as a Layer 2 Bridge - no network configuration needed. Automatically downloads latest IDS attack signatures, vulnerability assessment scripts and program enhancements nightly.

Nessus - Vulnerability scanner from Tenable Network Security with high speed discovery, configuration auditing, asset profiling, sensitive data discovery and vulnerability analysis of security posture. Nessus scanners can be distributed throughout an entire enterprise, inside DMZs, and across physically separate networks. Free to download and subscriptions for vulnerability updates are free for home users; annual fee for Professional license. Updated continuously. Includes scripting language for writing custom plugins.

Security Center - Security management tool from Tenable Network Security for asset discovery, vulnerability detection, event management and compliance reporting for small and large enterprises. Includes management of vulnerability, compliance, intrusion and log data. Company also provides the Nessus Vulnerability Scanner, and Passive Vulnerability Scanner.

SARA - 'Security Auditor's Research Assistant' Unix-based security analysis tool from Advanced Research Corp. Supports the FBI/SANS Top 20 Consensus; remote self scan and API facilities; plug-in facility for third party apps; SANS/ISTS certified, updated bi-monthly; CVE standards support; based on the SATAN model. Freeware. Also available is 'Tiger Analytical Research Assistant' (TARA), an upgrade to the TAMU 'tiger' program - a set of scripts that scan a Unix system for security problems.

Qualys Free Security Scans - Several free security scan services from Qualys, Inc. including SANS/FBI Top 20 Vulnerabilities Scan, network security scan, and browser checkup tool.

GFiLANguard - Network vulnerability and port scanner, patch management and network auditing tool from GFI Software. Scans using vulnerability check databases based on OVAL and SANS Top 20, providing thousands of vulnerability assessments.

Qualys Guard - Online service that does remote network security assessments; provides proactive 'Managed Vulnerability Assessment', inside and outside the firewall,

PatchLink Scan - Stand-alone network-based scanning solution from Lumension Security that performs a comprehensive external scan of all of the devices on your network, including servers, desktop computers, laptops, routers, printers, switches and more; risk-based prioritization of identified threats; continuously updated vulnerability database for orderly remediation; comprehensive reports of scan results

Secure-Me - Automated security test scanning service from Broadbandreports.com for individual machines. Port scans, denial-of-service checks, 45 common web server vulnerability checks, web server requests-per-second benchmark, and a wide variety of other tests. Limited free or full licensed versions available.

SAINT - Security Administrator's Integrated Network Tool - Security testing tool from SAINT Corporation. An updated and enhanced version of the SATAN network security testing tool. Updated regularly; CVE compatible. Includes DoS testing, reports specify severity levels of problems. Single machine or full network scans. Also available is 'WebSAINT' self-guided scanning service, and SAINTbox scanner appliance. Runs on many UNIX flavors.

NMap Network Mapper - Free open source utility for network exploration or security auditing; designed to rapidly scan large networks or single hosts. Uses raw IP packets in novel ways to determine what hosts are available on the network, what services (ports) they are offering, what operating system (and OS version) they are running, what type of packet filters/firewalls are in use, and many other characteristics. Runs on most flavors of UNIX as well as Windows.

NetIQ Security Analyzer - Multi-platform vulnerability scanning and assessment product. Systems are analyzed on demand or at scheduled intervals. Automatic update service allows updating with latest security tests. Includes a Software Developer's Kit to allow custom security test additions. For Windows/Solaris/Linux

Foundstone - Vulnerability management software tools from McAfee/Network Associates can provide comprehensive enterprise vulnerability assessments, remediation information, etc. Available as a hardware appliance, software product, or managed service.

CERIAS Security Archive - Purdue University's 'Center for Education and Research in Information Assurance and Security' site; 'hotlist' section includes extensive collection of links, organized by subject, to hundreds of security information resources and tools, intrusion detection resources, electronic law, publications, etc. Also includes an FTP site with a large collection of (mostly older) security-related utilities, scanners, intrusion detection tools, etc.

OWASP Security Testing Tools Listing - Listing of commercial, free, and open source security testing tools, source code analyzers, and binary analysis tools via the OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project) site.

Top 100 Security Tools - Listing of 'top 100' network security tools from survey by Insecure.org. (Includes various types of security tools, not just for testing.)

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External Site Monitoring Services

Uptime Party - Web server monitoring for small business or personal web sites. Sends message if it's down, and when it's back up. Notifications via email or cell phone. Free for one server. $ for more than one, and monitoring is every 15 or 30 minutes.

Watchmouse - Site monitoring service includes website preformance monitoring (checks web servers continuously from over 20 locations worldwide), functionality monitoring (monitor transactions of up to 20 steps/1MB with a single script), periodic vulnerability scanning. (new vulnerabilities added daily, detailed security reports), and external automated load testing service.

SiteUpTime - Basic plan for monitoring one web site is free; others $. Highly configurable service options, multiple monitoring locations around the world; if more than one location detects a connection failure a notification is sent.

Panopta Advanced Server Monitoring - Web site monitoring service and outage management system from Panopta LLC for online businesses and service providers, with the ability to detect outages immediately, provide notifications, and provide a team the right tools to resolve the outage quickly. Checks services every 60 seconds using global monitoring network.

Pingdom - Server, network and website monitoring services from Pingdom AB. Includes current and historical reporting; world-wide network of monitoring servers; checks every 1-60 mins.

Site 24x7 - Monitoring of website uptime & performance from multiple geographical locations; monitor multi-step web applications or e-business transactions; monitor DNS servers & email server round-trip time; instant alerts for any downtime or threshold violations; email/SMS alerts and reports. Also available are free accounts with limited services for personal use.

WebSitePulse - Monitoring service from WebSitePulse. Simultaneous monitoring from up to 20 global stations; alerts sent when web page errors occur, performance thresholds are exceeded or connectivity problems are detected and verified from up to three independent monitoring resources, and when unauthorized content changes are detected. Supports cookies; monitors and verifies file size, MD5 checksum, present or missing text string. Customizable alert escalation schedules, configurable 'Do Not Disturb' times for contacts. Daily, weekly, monthly e-mailed uptime reports.

SiteMorse - External site monitoring services from SiteMorse - runs a periodic full report - clients can request to be notified if there is any change to the sites scores. Enterprise clients have the option of setting such thresholds on any one of over 300 tests.

YMU - Site monitoring service from Dreamcast Systems, Inc. HTTP, HTTPS, customizable map location selection of monitoring source, graphical reports, configurable periodic check intervals.

Gomez Webperform - A site monitoring, testing, alerting, and reporting service from Gomez.com for small and medium sized business. Basic packages are free, with add-ons available. Provides detailed monitoring data from testing locations across the globe to enable quick isolation and resolution of website performance problems.

eXternalTest - Site monitoring service from eXternalTest. Periodically checks servers from different points of the world; view what customers see with screen shots using different browsers, OSs, and screen resolutions.

Site Notifier - Site monitoring service from Transcendigital Ltd.; configurable for various monitoring intervals, multiple notifications.

jaGuard.net - Site monitoring internet service checks site availability at chosen intervals. Choose from 5 various monitoring packages; free trial. Capabilities include false alarm protection; https, secure e-mail server monitoring, SSH, and certificate verification.

Global Up Time - HTTP/HTTPS website monitoring service from Global Web Monitor; configurable frequency, alerting, and reporting options; false alarm protection. Server monitoring, website monitoring, network appliance monitoring, business transaction monitoring, port monitoring and port security monitoring.

internetVista - Service from Lyncos remotely monitors web sites and Internet services for availability (http, https, smtp, ftp, pop, nntp, tcp). Notifications sent via email and SMS. Monitoring centers in U.S. and Europe. Free service also available, with limited features.

Host Tracker - Site monitoring service from Host Tracker; monitor an unlimited number of resources, distributed monitoring points, possible monitoring of CGI scripts' operation, keyword presence control, can specify keywords by regular expressions, unlimited number of addresses for server error notifications, historical statistics.

AppMonitor - Transactional application monitoring service from Webmetrics. Simulates defined web transactions, such as customer logins and purchase order fulfillment, up to every five minutes to verify application availability and performance. Service includes full-page download of all page objects, breakdown of DNS, first byte and transfer times at various baud rates, alerting, performance reporting and benchmark comparisons. Also available is 'SiteMonitor' service for non-transactional websites.

Dotcom-Monitor - Web site monitoring and load testing services utilize multiple worldwide locations. Checks content and response times; provides reporting and notifications. Free 'Lifetime Lite' monitoring service available.

Vertain Monitoring Service - Services from Vertain Software include verification that web site is up and running and that users can complete multi-page transactions. Also available: Free service for up to six tests per day.

AlertBot - Monitoring service from InfoGenius, Inc. tests website availablity, performance, and alerts webmaster of downtime. Also provides ftp, http, pop3, snmp, https, smtp, ip, and dns server monitoring.

WebSitePulse - Remote web site and server monitoring service with instant alerts and real time reporting. Simulates end-user actions from multiple locations around the globe. Web transaction monitoring available. Free basic service available.

1stMonitor - Site monitoring service notifies when a web site is down or new content has been posted. Easy and simple to use. Email notification. Weekly and monthly reports; instant setup.

SiteTechnician - Service of SiteTechnician LLC, identifies broken links, analyzes accessibility, reports on search engine optimization, monitors page load times and provides eight reports to help manage changes to website content over time.

WatchOur.com - Web site monitoring service from PingALink LLC; remotely monitors websites and other Internet protocol servers for availability and performance issues. Sends detailed error codes via pager, email, ICQ, etc. RFC compliant protocol checks assure valid monitoring. Extensive reporting.

AlertSite - Web site monitoring tools and services to ensure website is available and performing optimally. Immediate notification of problems via e-mail, pager, cell, or SMS. Comprehensive reporting.

elkMonitor - Service from Elk Fork Technologies for websites and other Internet servers; monitors availability and performance. Utilizing multiple test servers located on various Internet backbones, elkMonitor can alert users when sites or servers are unavailable or performing poorly. Alerts via email, pager or SMS alert.

AlertMeFirst - Service from Commerx Corp. reports on the performance and availability of a web site from customer's perspective; including experience with mail server, proxy server, transaction server, databases, etc. Flexible design allows changes to monitoring profile at any time and payment is required only for services used each day.

PureAgent - Service from Minq Software that monitors response times from the agent to a server, by replaying transactions at specified intervals. This includes static and dynamic web applications as well as other server applications. Capabilities include specifying limited access for certain users (such as historical stats only), encryption of stored scenarios, and viewing/downloading of raw XML definitions of Scenarios/Activities.

Dotcom-Monitor - External website monitoring/alerting/load testing service from Dana Consulting. Monitoring locations worldwide. Supports full-cycle sequential transactions; 'macro recorder' capabilities for setting up monitoring of complex web site processes such as online ordering; monitoring of sites, email and FTP services, DNS and router monitoring; includes a wide variety of online and downloadable reporting tools.

SiteGuardian - Site monitoring solution provides 24x7 monitoring of downtime, user experience, and application problems. Configururable notification method and intervals.

Patrol Express - Service from BMC Software continuously simulates and measures end-to-end customer web site experience. Monitors performance and availability of servers, applications and storage and network devices. Also monitors performance and availability of Web transactions. Compares performance and availability to user-defined goals.

WatchDog - Online website tracking and monitoring services from MyComputer.com geared to small business web sites. Provides uptime and load time reports, downtime alerts, etc. Distributed monitoring from five U.S. sites.

SiteScope - Mercury's hosted Web-based monitoring service; agentless monitoring solution designed to ensure the availability and performance of distributed IT infrastructures including servers, operating systems, network devices, network services, applications.

Keynote Application Perspective - Hosted performance and availability monitoring services and root cause diagnostics from Keynote Systems. Utilizes a distributed geographic measurement network for comprehensive end-user coverage. Provides advanced scripting tools with functionality for complex transaction recording and ad-hoc diagnosis.

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Web Site Management Tools

(This section includes products that contain: site version control tools, combined utilities/tools, server management and optimization tools, and authoring/publishing/deployment tools that include significant site management or testing capabilities.)

Webmaster Toolkit - Collection of 35 free tools and utilities useful to webmasters; includes link checker, page analyzer, ping, color tool, FrontPage and DreamWeaver code cleaner, link extractor, etc.

Webriq - Web-based site management and editing tool with drag and drop capabilities, from Webriq, includes multiple language interfaces.

A1 Website Analyzer - Website analyzer and link checker from Microsys, also can check response times, html and CSS validation, track file sizes, check for page title duplication; optimize internal page link structure to maximize SE page rankings.

BrowserCMS - Web content management system from BrowserMedia LLC for creating, managing, and publishing dynamic, information driven websites. Handles traditional text, images, or files, as well as such searchable, dynamic 'content objects' as press releases, job postings, a member locator/business directory, and an events calendar. 100% browser-based content management system is installed on the same web server that hosts website - no software installed on individual desktop machines. Geared to associations, non-profits, government agencies, and corporate websites. Compatible with multiple server OS's and web servers.

Errorlytics - Site management service/plugin from Errorlytics/Accession Media, LLC helps site managers minimize errors for their users. Keeps track of errors that site visitors come across. Can see what errors have come up, and then set up 'rules' as to where site visitors should be redirected to. For any website developed with Java, PHP, Rails, Drupal or Wordpress.

UXinsight - End user experience and website performance monitoring tool from UXtechnology BV. Captures all online transactions, and replays bottlenecks that customers experienced. Provides insights into performance and avalability, from end to end response times and conversion rates to diagnostics and business impacts of poor performance.

eValid Site Analysis - Site analysis, mapping, and page tuning tool from Software Research Inc. Checks for broken links and characterisitics such as page age, size, existence of specified strings, download times of elements, pinpointing bottlenecks. Reports are generated onscreen, including 3D-SiteMap showing site structure; can be rotated, expanded, zoomed-in, etc.

SortSite - Tool from Electrum Solutions that checks pages against W3C and IETF standards, checks for compliance with accessibility standards; link checker, browser compatibility checker; checks for regulatory compliance, checks site against Google/Yahoo/MSN search guidelines, more.

DeepTrawl - Site management tool from Deep Cognition Ltd. finds dead/slow/invalid links, finds common html flaws, has integrated HTML editor with problem highlighting, finds stale content. Finds slow content based on configurable settings, checks for undesirable user postings, exports to CSV / HTML, more.

Atomic Watch - Site monitoring software from Info-Pack.com;runs as background process on Win machine; no software to install on server. Can check webpage or form for certain strings and report back if not present. Configurable monitoring intervals; various notification options including email notifications, sound alarm, or load a URL. No monthly fees like the server monitoring services.

TruWex - Site management tool from Erigami Ltd. checks accessibility, privacy, quality, web page performance. Utilizes a web interface; available as a managed service and as a redistributable product installed on Windows based servers.

CMS400.net - Web site content management tool from Ektron Inc. Enables non-technical users to add/update web content, create and manage documents. Workflow and user management tools. Support for ASP.NET, ColdFusion, PHP, and JSP development.

WSOP - Website load time testing and optimization tool from SoftLogica LLC; other capabilities include checking for errors and broken links, highlighting of problem elements with a built-in HTML viewer, and support for custom testing scenarios for regular tests. Provides a set of reports, statistics and suggestions to improve website load time and performance.

TrueView - Web management suite from Symphoniq Corp. that can monitor Web application performance from browser to back-end by instrumenting both client and server side of web applications. Can measure page load times and errors directly from users' browsers and automatically detect and diagnose problems inside or outside the datacenter. Trace slowdowns to specific IP addresses, servers, method calls, and SQL queries.

WebWatchBot - Web site monitoring, notification, and analysis tool for web sites and IP Devices, from ExclamationSoft Inc. Capabilities include real-time charting of response times for multiple items, reporting of historical data, comprehensive dashboard view of all monitoring. Monitor web page transactions - execute any monitored item in sequence, handle login and web form posting, run as a windows service or application. Requires Windows, MSIE, SQLServer.

Savvy Content Manager - Content management tool from Savvy Software Inc. Simplified editing process - click on an area of your web site in Savvy's browser-based interface, update the information and then publish to the Web with another click. No coding, no file transfers, no additional software.

Introscope - Web performance monitoring tool from Wily Technology; presents data in easy-to-use customizable dashboards which enable deep, intuitive views of interrelation between system components and application infrastructure. Monitors applications as soon as installed; no coding needed. Included 'LeakHunter'identifies potential memory leaks. 'Transaction Tracer' can provide detailed tracing of execution paths and component response times for individual transactions in production systems.

WebCEO - Tool from WebCEO.com includes a site maintenance module. Includes link checker, WYSIWYG editor, FPT/publishing, traffic analysis, and site monitoring capabilities.

ManageEngine Applications Manager - Site management tool from AdventNet; works with a variety of web servers, database servers, service types, and OS's. Free and professional versions available.

RealiTea - Web application management solution from TeaLeaf Technology Inc. that provides detailed visibility into availability and functionality issues to enable efficient problem identification, isolation, and repair. Captures and monitors real user sessions, providing context and correlation data for application failure analysis. Add-on capabilities include a 'Dashboard' to provide real-time, customizable views of success/failure rates for key online business processes and other critical metrics, and 'Real Scripts' automatically generated from recorded user sessions for use in specified other load testing tools.

PROGNOSIS - Comprehensive tool from Integrated Research Ltd. for performance and availability monitoring, network management, and diagnostics; suited to large systems.

RedDot CMS - Web content managment system from RedDot Solutions includes modules such as SmartEdit; Asset Manager to securely centralize images; Site Manager to create and manage your web site; Web Compliance Manager to manage integrity and accessibility, and more.

Cuevision Network Monitor - Monitoring tool from Cuevision for monitoring website, server, services, applications, and network; capabilities include notifications via email, net send, and popup, restart apps and services, etc. For Windows.

GFI Network Server Monitor - Server management tool from GFI Software Ltd. checks network and servers for failures and fixes them automatically. Alerts via email, pagers, SMS; automatically reboot servers, restart services, run scripts, etc. Freeware version of GFI Network Server Monitor is also available; includes modules to check HTTP and ICMP/ping for checking availability of HTTP and HTTPS sites.

Web Site Monitoring - Performance Monitoring - Free open-source website performance monitoring and uptime notification application in PERL, from AllScoop; sends email notification if site is slow or down.

ContentStudio - E-catalog management tool from TechniCon Systems with Win Explorer-type interface with drag and drop functionality; eliminates need for programmers and special production staff to maintain catalogs. Legacy-to-Web Tools can "bulk-load" online catalog from legacy product data. Capabilities include defining intra-configuration rules, such as option compatibilities on a single product; spatial relationships between products, etc.

SpinPike - Flexible and scalable content management system from SavvyBox Systems, based on database-driven, template-based dynamically-created content. Installer easily installs system on your server, high-level functions save template coding time; WYSIWYG editor.

Constructioner - Website development software with integrated content management system from Artware Multimedia GmbH. Design/administrate database connected PHP web applications in combination with individual webdesign. Includes: Ready-to-use Backoffice, Content and Table Management (WYSIWYG-Editor), User Administration, Multilingualism, Dynamic Menu, Message Board, PHP-Code Insertion, Statistical Reports, Database Backup, Search. All can be integrated without writing code. Constructioner Light Edition available as Freeware.

CrownPeak CMS - Content management service from CrownPeak Technology, which hosts the management system application and the client's administrative interfaces and pushes the final assembled pages to client Web servers. Provides complete software developers environment, comprehensive Communications Gateway for inbound and outbound data, and a robust API.

WebLight - HTML validator and link checking tool from Illumit LLC. Free for use on small sites, low cost for large sites. Works on multiple platforms.

Trellian InternetStudio - Suite of web site management utilities from Trellian including site upload/publishing tools, text editor, HTML editor, link checker, site mapper, spell checker, site spider, image handling, HTML encryptor/optimizer, HTML validator, image mapper, e-commerce site designer/generator. For Windows.

Documentum - Enterprise content management product from EMC Corp. - capabilites/support include scalability, security, business process automation, globalization, XML-content-based multi-channel delivery, support for more than 50 document formats, integration with a variety of servers, authoring tools, etc.

Serena Collage - Content management tool from Serena; browser-based, scalable content management platform for content contributors distributed across an organization. Works with content from any platform or application. Enables collaboration, version control, activity tracking, administration, templates, styles, approval workflow, multi-lingual support, more. Runs with a variety of platforms, web servers, and DB servers.

FlexWindow - Tool from Digital Architects B.V., enables users to update their web site via e-mail. Update news flashes, notifications, advertisements, product info, stories, prices, and more. Use any e-mail client capable of producing HTML to format your content or use HTML tags in a plain text e-mail. Easy to install, simply create an account and paste one line of javascript into your pages. Basic accounts are free.

Alchemy Eye - System management tool from Alchemy Lab continuously monitors server availability and performance. Alerts by cell phone, pager, e-mail, etc. Can automatically run external programs, and log events.

Web500 CMS - Web content management and site maintenance solution from Web500. Add-on modules allow capabilities such as WAP, e-commerce, payment processing, customer relationship management, and more.

HTML Rename - Site Migration/Batch processing tool from Expandable Language that enforces file naming conventions (case, length, invalid chars), renaming the files to match the convention, then correcting the links to those files automatically. Eliminates problems encountered when moving files between Windows, Mac, and UNIX systems and publishing to CD-ROM. For Mac or Windows.

IPCheck Server Monitor - Server monitoring tool from Paessler AG. Alerts webmasters if a webserver is not working correctly via sensor types PING, PORT, HTTP, HTTPS, HTTP Transaction, DNS, SMTP, POP3, SNMP, and custom sensors. Notifications can be triggered by downtimes, uptimes, or slow responses. For Win platforms; has a web-based user interface.

Oracle Universal Content Management System - Content management tool formerly from Stellent, now Oracle. Content Server uses a web-based repository, where all content and content types are stored for management, reuse and access. Enables services such as library services, security, conversion services, workflow, personalization, index/search, replication and administration. Other modules provide additional services such as: services for creating, managing and publishing Web content and supporting from one to thousands of Web sites; services for capturing, securing and sharing digital and paper-based documents and reports; and services for collaborative environments and for digital asset and records management.

Rhythmyx Content Manager - Web content management product from Percussion Software; based on native XML and XSL technologies; content development, publishing, version control, and customizable workflow. Manages Web content, documents, digital assets, portals and scanned images.

Content Management Server - Windows based content mgmt tool from Microsoft (formerly 'nResolution' from nCompass Labs). Enterprise web content management system that enables quickly and efficiently building, deploying, and maintaining highly dynamic web sites. Enables scheduling of content refreshes, management of workflow, tracking of revisions, and indexing content by means of a browser window or via MS Word.

Broadvision - Suite of content and publishing management tools from Broadvision Inc.; allows a distributed team of non-technical content experts to manage every aspect of site content, including creation, editing, staging, production, and archiving.

HP OpenView Internet Services - Internet services monitoring/management tool from HP; integrates with other OpenView products to provide a variety of management and monitoring services and capabilities. Enables end-user emulation of major business-critical applications as well as a single integrated view of the complete Internet infrastructure. Designed to help IT staff efficiently predict, isolate, diagnose and troubleshoot problem occurrences, anticipate capacity shortfalls, and manage and report on service level agreements.

HTML-Kit - Free, full-featured editor from Chami.com designed to help HTML, XHTML and XML authors to edit, format, lookup help, validate, preview and publish web pages. Uses a highly customizable and extensible integrated development environment while maintaining full control over multiple file types including HTML, XHTML, XML, CSS, XSL, JavaScript, Perl, Python, Ruby, Java, and much more. Finds errors and provides suggestions on how to create standards compliant pages. Includes internal, external, server-side and live preview modes; FTP Workspace for uploading, downloading and online editing of files; and the ability to use hundreds of optional free add-ins through its open plugins interface. GUI support of W3C's HTML Tidy; seamless integration with the CSE HTML Validator. Validate XML documents using its DTD and/or check for well-formedness. Over 400 free plugins available for extending and customizing HTML-Kit. Pro plugins available to paid registered users.

IBM Workplace Web Content Management - IBM's web content management product for Internet, intranet, extranet and portal sites; runs on both Lotus Domino and IBM WebSphere.

WebCheck - Windows application from Peregrine Software that runs in background and periodically checks a site for availability and correctness; searches for keywords; provides notification by displaying a message or sending an e-mail.

WS_FTP Pro - FTP/web publishing tool from Ipswitch; manage, upload, and update websites; automatically resume interrupted transfers; support more than 50 host file systems; drag-and-drop files; for Windows.

A1Monitor - Utility from A1Tech for monitoring availability of web servers. Capabilities include notification by email and automatic reboot of web server. For Windows.

AgentWebRanking - Freeware tool from AADSoft to monitor site's search engine position, improve search engine ranks, submit URL's. Searches top engines for keywords; can specify search depth. Also has keyword count for pages vs competitor's pages; auto or manual submit of URL's to search engines, meta tag creator. Requires MSIE and Windows.

WebSite Director - Web-content workflow management system from CyberTeams Inc. with browser-based interface includes configurable workflow management, e-mail submission of web content, and e-mail notifications; allows defining and applying existing workflow and approval rules to web content management process. For Windows, UNIX.

Equalizer - Load balancing server appliance and site management tool from Coyote Point Systems. Web based interface for load balancing administration, server failure detection, real-time server monitoring of server response time, number of pending requests, etc.

WebTrends - Web site management tool from NetIQ includes log analysis, link analysis and quality control, content management and site visualization, alerting, monitoring and recovery, proxy server traffic analysis and reporting. For Windows.

XMetal - XML development tool from Justsystems, Inc. for XML-based web site authoring and validation. Includes a 'Database Import Wizard', and can automatically convert output to CALS or HTML table models or to XML; For Windows.

Interwoven Team Site - Web development, version control, access control, and publishing control tool; works with many servers, OS's, and platforms. Also see their LiveSite content delivery engine.

Macromedia Contribute - Adobe's (formerly Macromedia's) web content management solution Content created in Contribute matches the look and feel of a site via Dreamweaver templates and advanced CSS support. Ensures design standards are met, functionality is maintained, and code is protected.

Site/C - 'Set-and-forget' utility from Robomagic Software; for periodic server monitoring for web server connection problems, link problems. E-mail/pager notifications, logging capabilities. For Windows.

PowerMapper - From Electrum Multimedia; for customizable automated site mapping, accessibility and usability checking, HTML validation, link checking, CSS validation, browser compatibility, and more. Requires Windows and MSIE.

SiteScope - HP's (formerly Mercury's) product for agentless site monitoring and maintenance. Runs on servers and monitors server performance, links, connections, logs, etc.; scheduled and on-demand reporting; provides notifications of problems. Includes published API for creating custom monitors. Monitors mimic users' end-to-end actions. For Windows or Unix.

HTML PowerTools - HTML validator, global search-and-replace. Date stamper, spell checker, Meta manager, image tag checker, HTML-to-Text converter, customizable reports. Link checker. Validates against various HTML versions, browser extensions; has updateable rulebase. From Talicom. For Windows.

OpenDeploy - Interwoven's configurable control system for deploying from development to production environments. Includes automated deployment, security, and encryption capabilities. For Windows and Unix.

Vignette Content Management - Vignette Corporation's product for web site collaborative content, publishing, management, and maintenance. Support for managing content stored in databases, XML repositories, and static files. Supports a wide variety of web attributes, databases, API's, and servers.

Microsoft FrontPage - Microsoft's web site authoring and site management tool; includes site management capabilities, link checking, etc.

HomeSite - A lean, code-only editor for web development from Adobe (formerly Macromedia). Advanced coding features enable instant creation and modification of HTML, CFML, JSP, and XHTML tags, while enhanced productivity tools allow validation, reuse, navigation, and formatting of code more easily.

NetObjects Fusion - Site authoring/management tool from WebSite Pros Inc. Visual site structure editor, layout editor, graphics management, staging/publishing control. For Windows.

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Log Analysis Tools

HTTPD Log Analyzers list - Includes categories for Access Analyzers, Agent Analyzers, Referrer Analyzers, Error Analyzers, Other Log Analyzers. Most extensive log analysis tool listing on the net. Includes listing of other log analyzer lists. The access analyzers list includes more than 100 listed with short descriptions of each, organized by platform.

DMOZ Log Analysis Tools List - DMOZ open directory project's lists of open source and commercial log analysis tools.

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Other Web Test Tools

DeviceAnywhere - Mobile handset testing platform from MobileComplete enables development, deployment, and testing of content/apps on more than 2000 real handset devices in live global networks around the world using just the Internet. The mobile handset bank includes devices stationed in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, France, Germany, Spain, Japan, etc and the agnostic platform hosts a diverse portfolio of carriers and manufacturers from around the world.

Firefox Web Testing Add-ons - Includes many tools that can be useful for testing such as iMacros for Firefox, WASP, Fireshot, Window Resizer, Selenium IDE, Web Developer, SwitchProxy, IE Tab, Molybdenum, HackBar, and many more.

Web Testing Plugin collection - Large collection of links to and short descriptions of open source utilities and tools for web testing, unit testing, assertions, mocks, fixture utilities, reporting, validators, code coverage, etc. Mostly for Ruby, maintained by Benjamin Curtis

UTE - Automated 'usability testing environment' from Mind Design Systems, Inc. Assists in quantitative usability evaluation of websites and web applications; automates capture of usability data in detail not easily done by a human observer. Consists of a) a 'UTE Manager' which helps set up test scenarios (tasks) as well as survey and demographic questions, and compiles results and produces customized reports and summary data; and b) a 'UTE Runner' which presents test participants with test scenarios (tasks) as well as any demographic and survey questions; the runner also tracks actions of the subject throughout the test including clicks, keystrokes, and scrolling.

Venkman Javascript Debugger - Firefox extension; open source JavaScript debugging environment for Mozilla based browsers.

XPather Firefox add-on by Viktor Zigo. Has rich XPath generator, editor, inspector and simple extraction tool. Requires the standard DOM inspector plugin for FF3.

FlexMonkey - A testing framework for Flex apps. Capabilities include capture, replay and verification of Flex UI functionality. Can generate ActionScript-based testing scripts that can easily be included within a continuous integration process. Uses the Flex Automation API and was created by extending Adobe's sample automation adapter, AutoQuick. Donated to the Flex community by Gorilla Logic. Site also lists info and links to three other open source Flex test tools/frameworks: FlexUnit, Selenium-Flex, and FunFx.

UnmaskParasites - A free online service that checks web pages for hidden illicit content (invisible spam links, iframes, malicious scripts and redirects). By Denis Sinegubko. Just type in the URL of the web site to be checked.

TestArmy - TestArmy provides cheap access to a large, flexible base of testers with a wide range of hardware. Test applications thoroughly in a variety of environments, at lower cost, using crowd-sourcing. Enable more efficient testing on the end user hardware and software platforms that have proliferated, particularly for mobile and web applications. Developed by Peter Georgeson.

Rasta - Rasta is a keyword-driven open source test framework by Hugh McGowan using spreadsheets to drive testing. Loosely based on FIT, where data tables define parmeters and expected results. The spreadsheet can then be parsed using your test fixtures. For the underlying test harness, Rasta uses RSpec so in addition to reporting results back to the spreadsheet you can take advantage of RSpec's output formatters and simultaneously export into other formats such as HTML and plain text. Since Rasta utilizes Ruby, it can work well with Watir (listed elsewhere in this page).

File Comparators - Web testing - or any type of testing - often involves verification of data vs expected data. While this is simple enough programmatically for single data points or small data sets, comparison of large amounts of data can be more challenging. This site, maintained by FolderMatch/Salty Brine Software, a windows file/folder comparator tool vendor, lists a large number of Win data comparators. An old (2003) but still useful listing of mostly non-Windows data comparator tools is maintained by Danny Faught in his Open Testware Reviews site's Data Comparator Survey .

TMX - Keyword driven test automation product from Critical Logic, provides automated, fully annotated, executable scripts for QTPro, Watir, TestPartner, and SilkTest. Imports the objects that make up an application (radio buttons, entry fields, etc.) and builds an Object Tree containing all elements and attributes subject to testing. Then automatically generates the executable test scripts and test documentation. 'Virtual Objects' allow building of test scripts from requirements in parallel with code development.

Google's Website Optimizer - Google's service for testing variations in site design (titles, images, content, etc) to determine impacts on conversions, user actions, traffic, or other goals.

YSlow - Free open source tool analyzes web pages and explains why they're slow based on rules for high performance web sites. A Firefox add-on integrated with the Firebug web development tool. Includes a Performance report card, HTTP/HTML summary, list of components in page and related info, tools including JSLint. Generates a grade for each rule and an overall grade, lists suggested specific changes to improve performance, calculates total size of page for empty and primed cache scenarios, cookie info. Can also view HTTP response headers for any component.

ItsNat - Open source Java AJAX component-based web development framework provides a natural approach to web development; leverages 'old' tools to build new AJAX based Web 2.0 applications. Server centric using an approach called TBITS, "The Browser Is The Server": simulates a Universal W3C Java Browser at the server mimicing the behavior of a web browser, containing a W3C DOM Level 2 node tree and receiving W3C DOM Events. Contains significant built in functional web test support.

HTT - Open source scriptable HTTP test tool for testing and benchmarking web apps and for HTTP server development. Can act as client (requesting) and server (backend for reverse proxys). Pattern matching answers (both server and client) to test validity. Supports chunking in request and response.

Gomez Instant Site Test - Free online web page analysis from Gomez.com - reports on DNS lookup, connection time, first-byte download time, content download time, redirect time for the HTML, page objects.

Web Page Analyzer - Free online website performance tool and page speed analysis from Website Optimization. Calculate page size, composition, and download time., size of individual elements and sums up each type of web page component. Then offers advice on improving page load time.

HTTPWatch - An HTTP viewer and debugger plugin for MS Internet Explorer for HTTP and HTTPS monitoring without leaving browser window. Real-time page and request level time charts;millisecond accurate timings and network level data. Includes automation interface that can be used by most programming languages. Supports filtering of requests by criteria such as content types, response codes, URLs, headers and content. Basic free and paid versions available.

IBM Rational Policy Tester Accessibility Edition - Helps ensure Web site accessibility to all users by monitoring for over 170 comprehensive accessibility checks. It helps determine the site's level of compliance with government standards, including the U.S. government's Section 508 and guidelines such as the World Wide Web Consortium's Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (W3C WCAG), the UK's Disability Discrimination Act, and France's AccessiWeb.

IBM Rational Policy Tester Privacy Edition - Reports on form, form controls, and Form GET inventory, pages collecting Personally Identifiable Information (PII) and privacy policy links. Generates inventory of site privacy policies and checks and checks for secure pages and encryption and third-party data sharing policies; maps technical checks to specific online requirements of laws and regulations, such as U.S. Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) Privacy Rules, HIPAA, California SB1386 & AB1950 and AB1 950; Safe Harbor re European Community's Directive on Data Protection; and U.S. Section 208.

TextTrust - Online service for one time or periodic full site spell checking; report includes listing of each text error with URL, built-in spelling mistake highlighter; correct your errors with Google suggestion lookup. Free for sites under 60 pages. System learns as it checks, detects industry terms and buzzwords such that only real errors are reported.

WireShark - Network protocol analyzer available under the GNU General Public License. Capabilities include deep inspection of hundreds of protocols, live capture and offline analysis, standard three-pane packet browser, runs on most platforms. Captured network data can be browsed via a GUI, or via the TTY-mode TShark utility; rich VoIP analysis; read/write a very wide variety of different capture file formats. Live data can be read from Ethernet, IEEE 802.11, PPP/HDLC, ATM, Bluetooth, USB, Token Ring, Frame Relay, FDDI, and others. Decryption support for many protocols, including IPsec, ISAKMP, Kerberos, SNMPv3, SSL/TLS, WEP, and WPA/WPA2. Coloring rules can be applied to the packet list for quick, intuitive analysis. Output can be exported to XML, PostScript, CSV, or plain text

TPTest - An open source software suite for testing network throughput and Internet services. It consists of a software library with test functions that can be implemented in test client and server applications. Reference client/server apps are also included.

BWMeter - Bandwidth meter, monitor and traffic controller, which measures, displays and controls all traffic to/from computer(s) or on your network. Can analyze the data packets (where they come from, where they go, which port and protocol they use). For Windows platforms. Shareware.

Fiddler - HTTP Debugging Proxy which logs all HTTP traffic between your computer and the Internet. Fiddler allows you to inspect all HTTP Traffic, set breakpoints, and "fiddle" with incoming or outgoing data. Fiddler includes a powerful event-based scripting subsystem, and can be extended using any .NET language. Can debug traffic from virtually any application. For Windows platforms. Freeware.

HTTP Interceptor - Low cost pseudo Proxy server that performs http diagnostics and enables viewing of the two way communication between browser and the Internet. View http, asp, http header, data headers, responses. Demo version Free and paid versions available.

Expecco - A component based, modular test and quality assurance platform from eXept Software AG, which aims at the consolidation of tests and partial test systems into an automated, interactive test center. Enables productivity improvement in creation and maintenance of test scenarios, includes extensive debug features and flexible integration into existing enterprises. Features include utilization of UML 2.0 and Selenium libraries.

Aptixia IxLoad - Highly scalable, integrated test solution from Ixia Inc. for assessing the performance of Triple Play (Voice, Video and Data services) networks and devices. IxLoad emulates IPTV and Triple Play subscribers and associated protocols to ensure subscriber Quality of Experience (QoE). Protocols supported include video protocols like IGMP, MLD, and RTSP; voice protocols like SIP and MGCP; and data protocols like HTTP, FTP, and SMTP. Can be used to test critical aspects of the infrastructure like DNS, DHCP, RADIUS, and LDAP services, as well generate malicious traffic to test for security. Also available are a wide variety of other related performance test tools to help accelerate the migration of communications and entertainment to IP.

Internet Explorer Developer Toolbar - Microsoft add-on for IE that includes some tools for that can be useful for web testing. Includes tools to explore a page's document object model (DOM), locate and select specific elements on a Web page through a variety of techniques, view HTML object class names, ID's, and details such as link paths, tab index values, and access keys; validate HTML, CSS, WAI, and RSS web feed links; view the formatted and syntax colored source of HTML and CSS; and more.

Web Service Scheduler - WSS is an online cron service that can execute custom scripts remotely, for websites hosted on a web server with no access to a scheduling utility like cron or task scheduler. To use, just login and add the URL of the web service or script (PHP, ASP, CGI) and the time you would like the service to run. Basic account is free.

Chickenfoot - An open source Firefox extension from MIT that creates a programming environment in the Firefox sidebar, enables wrting of scripts to manipulate web pages and automate web browsing. Scripts are written in a superset of Javascript that includes special functions specific to web tasks.

WebAii - Free web testing automation infrastructure from ArtOfTest Inc.provides rich set of features to help automate web applications and web scenarios. Supports Ajax, MSIE, Firefox; build automated unit tests, feature tests and end to end scenario/usage tests. Integrates TestRegions as identification reference points to produce resilient test beds. Also available is a WebAii Automation Design Canvas which includes Web 2.0 support.

sketchPath - Free XPath Editor and XML analysis and testing tool by Phil Fearon supporting XPath 1.0 and 2.0. Capabilities includes: Provides integrated graphical environment for viewing XML files, developing and testing XPath expressions against them and managing the expressions in file libraries. Auto-Generate XPath locations by selecting from XPath result list, regular expression result list, element tree view, element nodes list, XML text editor, etc. Import XPath Expressions from an XML source (eg. XSLT). auto-complete uses 'Look-Ahead' to list available location and value nodes when typing, XSD schema validation with fully-navigable invalid elements list. Use regular expressions to resolve XPath locations. And more. For Windows platforms.

soapUI - A free, open source desktop application from Eviware Software AB for inspecting, invoking, developing, simulating/mocking and functional/load/compliance testing of web services over HTTP. It is mainly aimed at developers/testers providing and/or consuming web services (java, .net, etc). Functional and Load-Testing can be done both interactively in soapUI or within an automated build/integration process using the soapUI command-line tools. Mock Web Services can be created for any WSDL and hosted from within soapUI or using the command-line MockService runner. IDE-plugins available for eclipse, IntelliJ IDEA, NetBeans and a specialized eclipse-plugin for JBossWS. Paid 'pro' version available with professional support and extended functionality.

SOAPscope Server - Web services test tool from Mindreef Inc./Progress Software; create test scenarios automatically by recording actions; share these with other testers in collaborative server-baaed UI. View WSDL and SOAP messages in Pseudocode ViewTM. Create complex tests including passing values from a response to subsequent requests, perform batch testing and validate results all without coding. Simulate web services that don't yet exist, or new scenarios for those that do.

LISA for Web Services/SOAP - Web services/SOAP test tool from iTKO, Inc. No-code SOAP/XML testing and WSDL exploration and test maintenance; supports active sessions, SSL, authentication and magic strings. Runs on any client and supports Java and .NET and any other SOAP-compliant web services.

Parasoft SOAtest - Scriptless web services test tool from Parasoft. Automatic test creation from WSDL, WSIL, UDDI and HTTP Traffic. Capabilities include WSDL validation, load and performance testing; graphically model and test complex scenarios. Automatically creates security penetration tests for SQL injections, XPath injections, parameter fuzzing, XML bombs, and external entities. Data-driven testing through data sources such as Excel, CSV, DB queries, etc. Support for JMS; MIME attachment support.

Fault Factory - API-level fault injection tool from from Extradata Technologies; injects HTTP/SOAP/Socket faults into an application - no code changes, no proxies required. Injects two types of faults: socket API failures and arbitrary HTTP responses (that can be used to imitate a wide range of conditions, including SOAP faults). Can be used standalone or in combination with a debugger. Language-neutral. For Windows platforms.

XML-Simulator - Black-box test tool from Elvior for applications using asynchronous XML messaging to communicate with different systems. Customizable to support any XML protocol.

iPerformanceMonitor - Online functional and stress testing service from iPerformanceMonitor Capabilities include recording tests through recording proxy, user can add own PHP code into the tests to make them more flexible; stress testing is organized through distributed network of servers, all stress testing responses are saved and viewable.

Tools4Internet - Free on-the-web tools for determination/testing of various web page/site characteristics; results presented in convenient tabbed summary format. Includes browser/server security information tool for viewing details of http headers sent from web server and browser, along with other information obtainable via javascript and other publicly available means. Web Content Analysis capability includes response time, web page code comments lines, anchors, scripts, etc.

Firebug - Open source add-on tool for Firefox - allows editing, debugging, and monitoring of CSS, HTML, and JavaScript live in any web page. Monitor network activity, visualize CSS metrics, information about errors in JavaScript, CSS, and XML. Includes DOM explorer; execute JavaScript on the fly.

GH Tester - Middleware test automation tool, from Green Hat Consulting Limited, for testing systems that do not have graphical user interfaces including web services, JMS, IBM MQ, Sonic MQ, TIBCO, TCP/IP, UDP/IP and SmartSockets. Includes an API enabling writing of your own transports. Schema-aware message editors for XML (DTD and XSD), SOAP (WSDL) and AE. Other capabilities: automatically create test plan documentation, record and playback messages, integrate with databases to simulate adapters by querying or changing rows, produce detailed reports on actual test results and expectations, including any differences

Filemon - Free tool from Microsoft monitors and displays Windows file system activity on a system in real-time. Timestamping feature shows when every open, read, write or delete, happens, and its status column indicates outcome. Useful in security testing, monitoring/testing of web servers etc. Also available (links available on Filemon page): RegMon - a Registry monitor; Process Monitor - a process and thread monitor; DiskMon - a hard disk monitor.

Panorama for QA - Performance monitoring and analysis tool from OPNET Technologies for J2EE and .NET apps. Provides real-time performance metrics and analysis of applications, databases, network components via low overhead agents. Automatically sets and adjusts dynamic threshold limits/ranges for each metric; can also specify fixed limits. Data and events are continually monitored and events and metrics are statistically related using customizable rules. Includes a catalog of known cause-and-effect relationships that help recognize performance problems early. Console generates Key Metric or Root Cause Conclusion events and provides detail on correlated metrics. End users can customize Root Cause details to add their knowledge and quickly determine performance bottlenecks.

Charles - An HTTP proxy/monitor/Reverse Proxy that enables viewing all HTTP traffic between browser and the Internet, including requests, responses and HTTP headers (which contain the cookies and caching information). Capabilities include HTTP/SSL and variable modem speed simulation. Useful for XML development in web browsers, such as AJAX (Asynchronous Javascript and XML) and XMLHTTP, as it enables viewing of actual XML between the client and the server. Can autoconfigure browser's proxy settings on MSIE, Firefox, Safari. Java application from XK72 Ltd.

Paessler Site Inspector - A web browser that combines MSIE and Mozilla/Gecko into one program; it's Analyzing Browser allows switching between the two browser engines with the click of a mouse to compare. Freeware.

CookiePie Firefox Extension - Firefox extension from Sebastian Wain enabling maintenance of different cookies in different tabs and windows. For example developers working on web software supporting multiple users or profiles can use CookiePie to simultaneusly test their software with each user without needing to open a different browser.

HowsMyPage.com - Web site usability/review service allows web sites to receive free reviews of their web pages, written by other web developers. Determine public reception of a web project and get informed opinions on how to improve web site. Works by asking the user to submit the URL of their page, then to review someone else's page using a structured review form.

Broken Link Preventer - Link checker that reports on broken links, reports statistics on user attempts to access broken links, and enables broken link prevention. Runs on server and constantly monitors site links.

WebUseCase - A simple browser designed only for test simulation, built on top of JUseCase and HtmlUnit. Open source. Provides a use-case recorder which can provide a 'tester experience'. Test creation involves associating GUI events with 'use case commands' created to describe what is intended in terms of the domain, utilizing the 'title' attribute of appropriate HTML tags.

HtmlFixture - Freeware tool to exercise and test web pages as a 'fixture' in conjunction with FitNesse. (Fitnesse is a fully integrated standalone wiki and acceptance testing framework). It permits making assertions about the structure of a page and to navigate between pages. Can run java script, submit forms, "click" links, etc. Similar to htmlunit, but does it without Java programming.

JsUnit - An open-source unit testing framework for client-side (in-browser) JavaScript in the tradition of the XUnit frameworks

WebPerformance Analyzer - Web development analysis tool from WebPerformance Inc. enables measurement, analysis, and tracking of web page performance during the design and development process. Capture/record complex web pages while browsing, viewing response times and sizes for all web pages and their contents. Examine request and response headers, cookies, errors and content; view pages in an integrated browser. SSL support; playback capabilities; low bandwidth simulation; specify performance requirements for flagging of slow pages. Standalone or Eclipse plugin versions

Eclipse TPTP Testing Tools Project - TPTP (Test & Performance Tools Platform) is a subproject of Eclipse, an open platform for tool integration. TPTP provides frameworks for building testing tools by extending the TPTP Platform. The framework contains testing editors, deployment and execution of tests, execution environments and associated execution history analysis and reporting. The project also includes exemplary tools for JUnit based component testing tool, Web application performance testing tool, and a manual testing tool. The project supports the OMG UML2 Test Profile.

Test Architect - Keyword-driven test automation tool from LogiGear helps increase test coverage. Built-in playback support for web-based application and other platforms.

Networking and Server Test Utilities - Small collection of web server and other test utilities provided by hq42.net.

Morae - Usability test tool for web sites and software, from TechSmith Corp. for automated recording, analyzing and sharing of usability data. Consists of 3 components. A Recorder records and synchronizes video and data, creating a digital record of system activity and user interaction. A Remote Viewer enables geographically dispersed observers to watch usability tests from any location; it displays test user's computer screen along with a picture-in-picture window displaying the test participant's face and audio; Remote Viewer observers can set markers and add text notes. The Manager component includes integrated editing functionality for assembly of important video clips to share with stakeholders.

AutoTestFlash - Freeware tool by Tiago Simoes for recording and playing back UI Tests in flash applications. Source code also available.

Repro - Manual testing 'helper' tool that records desktop video, system operations in 7 different categories, system resource usage, and system configuration information. Allows user to save and review relevant information for bug reports, and compress the result into a very small file to replay, upload to a bug tracking system, and share with others. Instruments in memory the target application at runtime so no changes are required to application under test. For Windows.

TestGen - Free open-source web test data generation program that allows developers to quickly generate test data for their web-services before publicly or internally releasing the web service for production.

EngineViewer and SiteTimer - Free basic services: EngineViewer - reports on how a search engine may view a webpage, from how it breaks down the HTML, to which links it extracts, how it interprets page's robot exclusion rules and more. SiteTimer service - Find out how long it takes various connection types to get a page, check all the graphical links to ensure they're correct, examine server's HTTP headers, more.

Fiddler - An HTTP Debugging tool by Eric Lawrence. Acts as an HTTP Proxy running on port 8888 of local PC. Any application which accepts an HTTP Proxy can be configured to run through Fiddler. Logs all HTTP traffic between between computer and the Internet, and allows inspection of the HTTP data, set breakpoints, and "fiddle" with incoming or outgoing data. Designed to be much simpler than using NetMon or Achilles, and includes a simple but powerful JScript.NET event-based scripting subsystem. Free, for Windows.

FREEping - Free ping software utility from Tools4ever which will ping all your Windows-based servers (or any other IP address) in freely-definable intervals. Will send a popup when one of the servers stops responding.

IP Traffic Test and Measure - Network traffic simulation and test tool from Omnicor Corp. can generate TCP/UDP connections using different IP addresses; data creation or capture and replay; manage and monitor throughput, loss, and delay.

VisitorVille - Site traffic monitoring tool from World Market Watch Inc. that depicts website visitors as animated characters in a virtual village; users can watch their web traffic as if they're watching a movie.

Sandra - 'System ANalyser, Diagnostic and Reporting Assistant' utility from SiSoftware. Provides large variety of information about a Windows system's hardware and software. Includes CPU, mainboard, drives, ports, processes, modules, services, device drivers, ODBC sources, memory details, environment settings, system file listings, and much more. Provides performance enhancing tips, tune-up wizard, file system and memory bandwidth benchmarking, more. Reporting via save/print/fax/email in text, html, XML, etc. Free, Professional, and other versions available in multiple languages.

Deque - Deque Ramp is a cross-platform solution for testing and remediating websites and Web-based applications for integrated accessibility and Section 508 compliance. Audits and corrects accessibility violations and helps organizations develop long-term practices to enhance accessibility for users with disabilities. Available versions include Ramp Personal Edition, Ramp Grade, and Ramp Ascend. Ramp PE version is free for some user categories such as non-profit organizations. Other products include Worldspace Online, an online accessibility test and repair tool.

Browser Cam - Service from Gomez Inc. for web developers and testers; it creates screen captures of web pages loaded in any browser, any version, any operating system. Allows viewing of web page appearance on Windows, Linux, Macintosh, in most versions of every browser ever released.

Dummynet - Flexible tool developed by Luigi Rizzo, originally designed for testing networking protocols, can be used in testing to simulate queue and bandwidth limitations, delays, packet losses, and multipath effects. Can be used on user's workstations, or on FreeBSD machines acting as routers or bridges.

HTTP Interceptor - A real-time HTTP protocol analysis and troubleshooting tool from AllHTTP.com. View all headers and data that travel between your browser and the server. Split-screen display and dual logs for request and response data. Interceptor also allows changing of select request headers on-the-fly, such as "Referrer" and "User Agent".

SpySmith - Simple but powerful diagnostic tool from Quality Forge; especially useful when testing web sites and web-based applications. It allows the user to peek inside I.E. Browser-based Documents (including those without a 'view source' command) to extract precise information about the DOM elements in an HTML source. SpySmith can also spy on Windows objects. For Windows. Free 90-day trial.

Co-Advisor - Tool from The Measurement Factory for testing quality of protocol implementations. Co-Advisor can test for protocol compatibility, compliance, robustness, security, and other quality factors. Has modules for HTTP (RFC 2616) and ICAP (RFC 3507) protocols . Other info: runs on FreeBSD packages, Linux RPMs, Windows (on-demand); available as on-line service, binaries, or source code.

PocketSOAP - Packet-capture tool by Simon Fell, with GUI; captures and displays packet data between local client and specified web server. Can log captures to disk. For Windows; binaries and source available; freeware. Also available is PocketXML-RPC and PocketHTTP.

TcpTrace - Tool by Simon Fell acts as a relay between client and server for monitoring packet data. Works with all text-based IP protocols. For windows; freeware

ProxyTrace - Tool by Simon Fell acts as a proxy server to allow tracing of HTTP data; can be used by setting browser to use it as a proxy server and then can monitor all traffic to and from browser. Freeware.

tcptrace - Tool written by Shawn Ostermann for analysis of TCP dumpfiles, such as those produced by tcpdump, snoop, etherpeek, HP Net Metrix, or WinDump. Can produce various types of output with info on each connection seen such as elapsed time, bytes, and segments sent and received, retransmissions, round trip times, window advertisements, throughput, and various graphs. Available for various UNIX flavors, for Windows, and as source code; freeware.

MITS.Comm - Tool from Omsphere LLC for simulating virtually any software interface (internal or external). Allows testing without pitfalls associated with live connections to other systems (TCP/IP, Ethernet, FTP, etc). Allows developers to test down to the unit level by simulating the internal software interfaces (message queues, mailboxes, etc.) Tool can learn what request/response scenarios are being tested for future tests and can work with any protocol, any message definitions, and any network. Also available: MITS.GUI

XML Conformance Test Suite - XML conformance test suites from W3C and NIST; contains over 2000 test files and an associated test report (also in XML). The test report contains background information on conformance testing for XML as well as test descriptions for each of the test files. This is a set of metrics for determining conformance to the listed W3C XML Recommendation.

Certify - Test automation management tool from WorkSoft, Inc. For managing and developing test cases and scripts, and generating test scripts. For automated testing of Web, client/server, and mainframe applications. Runs on Windows platforms.

HiSoftware AccVerify - Tool for testing site Accessibility & Usability, Searchability, Privacy and Intellectual Property policy verification, Overall Site Quality, Custom Checks and Test Suites to meet organization's standards. Can crawl a site and report errors; can also programmatically fix most common errors found. Runs on Windows.

HiSoftware Web Site Monitor - Tool allows user to monitor your server and send alerts, allows monitoring web sites for changes or misuse of your intellectual property in metadata or in the presented document; link validation.

Web Optimizer - Web page optimizing tool from Visionary Technologies intelligently compresses web pages to accelerate web sites without changing site's appearance. Removes unnecessary information in HTML, XML, XHTML, CSS, and Javascript and includes GIF and JPEG optimizer techniques.

HTML2TXT - Conversion utility that converts HTML as rendered in MS Internet Explorer into ASCII text while accurately preserving the layout of the text. Included with software are examples of using the control from within Visual Basic, Visual C++, and HTML.

Team Remote Debugger - Debugging tool from Spline Technologies allows tracing of any number of code units of any kind ( ASP, MTS, T-SQL, COM+, ActiveX Exe, DLL, COM, Thread, CFML ), written in any language ( ASP, VB, VC++, Delphi, T-SQL, VJ, CFML ) residing on multiple shared and dedicated servers at the same time, without ever attaching to process. Remote code can pass messages and dialogs directly to your local machine via Team Remote Debugger component, and developers can then debug their respective code independently of one another no matter if the code units reside on the same servers or on different servers or on any combination thereof.

Datatect - Test data generator from Banner Software generates data to a flat file or ODBC-compliant database; includes capabilities such as scripting support that allows user to write VBScripts that modify data to create XML output, data generation interface to Segue SilkTest, capability to read in existing database table structures to aid in data generation, wide variety of data types and capabilities for custom data types. For Windows.

Triometric Performance Analyzer Suite - Suite of software protocol analyzers from Triometric accurately calculates end-to-end download speeds for each transaction, not just samples; produces a range of configurable reports that breaks down info into network and server speeds, errors, comparison to SLA's, performance for each server, client, URL, time period, etc.

WebBug - Debugging tool from Aman Software for monitoring HTTP protocol sends and receives; handles HTTP 0.9/1.0/1.1; allows for entry of custom headers. Freeware.

WebMetrics - Web usability testing and evaluation tool suite from U.S. Govt. NIST. Source code available. For UNIX, Windows.

MRTG - Multi Router Traffic Grapher - free tool by Tobi Oetiker utilizing SNMP to monitoring traffic loads on network links; generates reports as web pages with GIF graphics on inbound and outbound traffic. For UNIX, Windows.

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TTServer的启动参数介绍

2009-12-04T19:25:00.000-08:00

ttserver命令可以启动一个数据库实例。因为数据库已经实现了Tokyo Cabinet的抽象API,所以可以在启动的时候指定数据库的配置类型。

支持的数据库类型有：

内存hash数据库
内存tree数据库
hash数据库
B+ tree数据库，

命令通过下面的格式来使用，'dbname'制定数据库名，如果省略，则被视作内存hash数据库。

ttserver [-host name] [-port num] [-thnumnum] [-tout num] [-dmn] [-pid path] [-log path] [-ld|-le] [-ulog path] [-ulim num] [-uas] [-sidnum] [-mhost name] [-mport num] [-rts path] [-ext path] [-extpc nameperiod] [-mask expr] [dbname]

下面来说这些参数的功能：

-host

name

-port

num

-thnum

num

线程

-tout

num

-dmn

-pid

path

-log

path

-ld

-le

-ulog

path

同步

-ulim

num

-uas

异步

-sid

num

-mhost

name

-mport

num

-rts

path

-ext

path

语言

-extpc

name

period

-mask

expr

-unmask

expr

数据库类型
下面我们再来看下数据库类型的详细配置。

数据库名的命名方式被Tokyo Cabinet的抽象API指定。
如果数据库名为"*"，表示内存hash数据库。
如果数据库名为"+"表示内存tree数据库。
如果数据库名为".tch",则数据库为hash数据库。
如果数据库名的后缀为".tcb"，数据库将为B+ tree数据库。
如果数据库名的后缀为".tcf"。则数据库将为fixed-length数据库。
如果数据库名的后缀为".tct",则数据将为一个table数据库（有表的概念）。

数据库的调整参数通过数据库名的延伸来指定，通过"#"分开，每个参数通过一个参数名和值来指定，用"="隔开。

内存hash数据库支持"bnum", "capnum", 和 "capsiz"

内存tree数据库支持"capnum" 和 "capsiz"

capnum指定记录的最大容量，capsiz指定最大的内存使用量（在内存数据库中），记录通过存储的顺序移除。

hash数据库支持"mode", "bnum", "apow", "fpow", "opts", "rcnum", 和 "xmsiz".

`rcnum'指定最大的缓存记录数。如果它不大于零，那么缓存记录不可用。默认不可用。
xmsiz 指定外部内存的大小。如果不大于0，内存不可用。默认是67108864，即64M。
`bnum' 指定bucket存储桶的数量。如果指定的数目不大于0，将会使用默认的数值131071.推荐数量应该在所有需要存储的记录总数的0.4-4倍
`apow' 跟一个key关联的记录数，2的N次方表示. 如果不指定，默认2^4=16.
`fpow' specifies the maximum number of elements of the free block pool by power of 2. 默认2^10=1024.
`opts' 指定选项，位或：`HDBTLARGE' 指定数据库的大小通过使用64位数组桶能够超过2G。
`HDBTDEFLATE' 指定每个记录被Deflate encoding压缩。
`HDBTBZIP' 指定每个记录被BZIP2 encoding压缩
`HDBTTCBS'指定每个记录被 TCBS encoding压缩.

B+ tree数据库支持"mode", "lmemb", "nmemb", "bnum", "apow", "fpow", "opts", "lcnum", "ncnum", 和 "xmsiz".
Fixed-length 数据库支持 "mode", "width", and "limsiz".
Table 数据库支持 "mode", "bnum", "apow", "fpow", "opts", "rcnum", "lcnum", "ncnum", "xmsiz", 和 "idx"
"idx"指定表的索引。
"mode"可以包含 "w" 写, "r" 读, "c" 创建, "t" 截断，"e" 无锁,和"f" 非阻塞锁。默认的的mod为"wc"。

优化性能

如果使用hash数据库我们可以指定#bnum=xxx来提高性能。xxx大于或等我我们的记录总数。

如果使用B+ tree数据库我们可以通过指定"#lcnum=xxx#bnum=yyy" 来提高性能.第一个参数指定被缓存的最大叶子节点数，受内存容量限制，第二个参数指定桶的数量，它应该大于总记录数的1/128.

如果有大量的客户端连接，确保我们的文件描述符够用。系统默认是1024，我们可以用使用"ulimit"来重新设定

比如下面的单机实例启动脚本（一个正在线上运行的脚本）：

#!/bin/sh
ulimit -SHn 51200
ttserver -host 192.168.0.136 -port 11212 -thnum 8 -dmn -pid /data/ttserver/ttserver.pid -log /data/ttserver/ttserver.log -le -ulog /data/ttserver/ -ulim 128m -sid 1 -rts /data/ttserver/ttserver.rts /data/ttserver/database.tch#bnum=10000000#xmsiz=434217728#rcnum=20000

使用hash数据库，最大会缓存20000个记录，最大使用内存434217728bytes(414M),bucket存储桶的数量10000000。

目前的库大小：

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 28G Mar 8 12:19 bbsdatabase.tch

因为使用了64位操作系统，所以文件大小不受2G的限制。

我们再看下读取数据的速度：

当前获取memcache Threads_cdb_threads_tid3565732_displayorder_0 使用时间 0.00054812431335449

以上是程序打印出来的通过memcache协议读取key为memcache Threads_cdb_threads_tid3565732_displayorder_0的数据所花的时间0.00054812431335449(s),可以看到速度还是非常快的。

启动实例

个人推荐通过修改ttservctl来实现启动。下面我们举几个简单的启动例子。

单机启动例子，下面是ttservctl文件的部分：

双机互为主辅模式，比如两台机器的Ip分别为192.168.1.176和192.168.1.1.177，以下为ttservctl文件的一部分。

176的配置：

#! /bin/sh

#----------------------------------------------------------------
# Startup script for the server of Tokyo Tyrant
#----------------------------------------------------------------

# configuration variables
prog="ttservctl"
cmd="ttserver"
basedir="/data/data/data1"
port="11211"
pidfile="$basedir/pid"
logfile="$basedir/log"
ulogdir="$basedir/"
mhost="192.168.1.177" #主ip即另外机器的ip
ulimsiz="256m"
sid=6#注意要每台机器不一样
dbname="$basedir/casket.tch#bnum=100000000#xmsiz=104857600#rcnum=1000000"
rts="$basedir/ttserver.rts" #在ttservctl基础上增加
maxcon="65536"
retval=0

# locale clear
LANG=C
LC_ALL=C
export LANG LC_ALL

# start the server
start(){
printf 'Starting the server of Tokyo Tyrant\n'
ulimit -n "$maxcon"
mkdir -p "$basedir"
if [ -f "$pidfile" ] ; then
pid=`cat "$pidfile"`
printf 'Existing process: %d\n' "$pid"
retval=1
else
$cmd \
-port "$port" \
-dmn \
-pid "$pidfile" \
-log "$logfile" \
-ulog "$ulogdir" \
-ulim "$ulimsiz" \
-sid "$sid" \
-mhost "$mhost" \#在ttservctl基础上增加
-mport "$port" \#在ttservctl基础上增加
-rts "$rts" \#在ttservctl基础上增加
"$dbname"
if [ "$?" -eq 0 ] ; then
printf 'Done\n'
else
printf 'The server could not started\n'
retval=1
fi
fi
}

177的配置：

#! /bin/sh

#----------------------------------------------------------------
# Startup script for the server of Tokyo Tyrant
#----------------------------------------------------------------

# configuration variables
prog="ttservctl"
cmd="ttserver"
basedir="/data/data/data1"
port="11211"
pidfile="$basedir/pid"
logfile="$basedir/log"
ulogdir="$basedir/"
mhost="192.168.1.176" #主ip即另外机器的ip
ulimsiz="256m"
sid=7#注意要每台机器不一样
dbname="$basedir/casket.tch#bnum=100000000#xmsiz=104857600#rcnum=1000000"
rts="$basedir/ttserver.rts" #在ttservctl基础上增加
maxcon="65536"
retval=0

# locale clear
LANG=C
LC_ALL=C
export LANG LC_ALL

# start the server
start(){
printf 'Starting the server of Tokyo Tyrant\n'
ulimit -n "$maxcon"
mkdir -p "$basedir"
if [ -f "$pidfile" ] ; then
pid=`cat "$pidfile"`
printf 'Existing process: %d\n' "$pid"
retval=1
else
$cmd \
-port "$port" \
-dmn \
-pid "$pidfile" \
-log "$logfile" \
-ulog "$ulogdir" \
-ulim "$ulimsiz" \
-sid "$sid" \
-mhost "$mhost" \#在ttservctl基础上增加
-mport "$port" \#在ttservctl基础上增加
-rts "$rts" \#在ttservctl基础上增加
"$dbname"
if [ "$?" -eq 0 ] ; then
printf 'Done\n'
else
printf 'The server could not started\n'
retval=1
fi
fi
}

TT Server的安装配置

2009-12-04T19:06:00.001-08:00

TTServer是什么？
Tokyo Cabinet 是一款 DBM 数据库，该数据库读写非常快，哈希模式写入100万条数据只需0.643秒，读取100万条数据只需0.773秒，是 Berkeley DB 等 DBM 的几倍。利用Tokyo Tyrant构建兼容Memcached协议、支持故障转移、高并发的分布式key-value持久存储系统。key-value分布式存储系统查询速度快、存放数据量大、支持高并发，非常适合通过主键进行查询，但不能进行复杂的条件查询。

Tokyo Tyrant 是由同一作者开发的 Tokyo Cabinet 数据库网络接口。它拥有Memcached兼容协议，也可以通过HTTP协议进行数据交换。Tokyo Tyrant 加上 Tokyo Cabinet，构成了一款支持高并发的分布式持久存储系统，对任何原有Memcached客户端来讲，可以将Tokyo Tyrant看成是一个Memcached，但是，它的数据是可以持久存储的。

TTServer的安装以及配置：（Linux:CentOS 5.2版本）
1、编译安装 tokyocabinet 数据库
wget http://tokyocabinet.sourceforge.net/tokyocabinet-1.4.28.tar.gz
tar zxvf tokyocabinet-1.4.28.tar.gz
cd tokyocabinet-1.4.28/
./configure
make
make install

2、编译安装tokyotyrant
wget http://tokyocabinet.sourceforge.net/tyrantpkg/tokyotyrant-1.1.29.tar.gz
tar zxvf tokyotyrant-1.1.29.tar.gz
cd tokyotyrant-1.1.29/
./configure
make
make install

注：如果安装Tokyo Cabinet时指定了目录，在安装Tokyo Tyrant时用 --with-tc 指定Tokyo Cabinet的目录，如果没指定会报：configure: error: tcutil.h is required 错误。

3、创建tokyotyrant数据文件存放目录
mkdir /var/db/ttserver/

4、启动tokyotyrant的主进程（ttserver）
[root@localhost /]# whereis ttserver -> /usr/local/bin/ttserver
[root@localhost /]# cd /usr/local/sbin
[root@localhost bin]# ttserver -host 127.0.0.1 -port 1978 -thnum 8 -dmn -pid /var/db/ttserver/ttserver.pid -log /var/db/ttserver/ttserver.log -le -ulog /var/db/ttserver/ -ulim 128m
[root@localhost bin]# ps uax |grep ttserver //查找运行的进程

5、参数说明
ttserver [-host name] [-port num] [-thnum num] [-tout num] [-dmn] [-pid path] [-log path] [-ld|-le] [-ulog path] [-ulim num] [-uas] [-sid num] [-mhost name] [-mport num] [-rts path] [dbname]
-host name : 指定需要绑定的服务器域名或IP地址。默认绑定这台服务器上的所有IP地址。
-port num : 指定需要绑定的端口号。默认端口号为1978
-thnum num : 指定线程数。默认为8个线程。
-tout num : 指定每个会话的超时时间（单位为秒）。默认永不超时。
-dmn : 以守护进程方式运行。
-pid path : 输出进程ID到指定文件（这里指定文件名）。
-log path : 输出日志信息到指定文件（这里指定文件名）。
-ld : 在日志文件中还记录DEBUG调试信息。
-le : 在日志文件中仅记录错误信息。
-ulog path : 指定同步日志文件存放路径（这里指定目录名）。
-ulim num : 指定每个同步日志文件的大小（例如128m）。
-uas : 使用异步IO记录更新日志（使用此项会减少磁盘IO消耗，但是数据会先放在内存中，不会立即写入磁盘，如果重启服务器或ttserver进程被kill掉，将导致部分数据丢失。一般情况下不建议使用）。
-sid num : 指定服务器ID号（当使用主辅模式时，每台ttserver需要不同的ID号）
-mhost name : 指定主辅同步模式下，主服务器的域名或IP地址。
-mport num : 指定主辅同步模式下，主服务器的端口号。
-rts path : 指定用来存放同步时间戳的文件名。

如果使用的是哈希数据库，可以指定参数"#bnum=xxx"来提高性能。它可以指定bucket存储桶的数量。例如指定"#bnum=1000000"，就可以将最新最热的100万条记录缓存在内存中：

[root@localhost ttserver]# ttserver -host 127.0.0.1 -port 1978 -thnum 8 -dmn -pid /var/db/ttserver/ttserver.pid -log /var/db/ttserver/ttserver.log -le -ulog /var/db/ttserver/ -ulim 128m
-sid 1 -rts /var/db/ttserver/ttserver.rts /var/db/ttserver/database.tch#bnum=1000000

应用:
1、任何Memcached客户端均可直接调用tokyotyrant。
2、还可以通过HTTP方式调用，下面以Linux的curl命令为例，介绍如何操作tokyotyrant：
　 (1)、写数据，将数据"value"写入到"key"中：curl -X PUT http://127.0.0.1:1978/key -d "value"
(2)、读数据，读取"key"中数据：curl http://127.0.0.1:1978/key
(3)、删数据，删除"key"：curl -X DELETE http://127.0.0.1:1978/key
3. PHP 的 API 接口程序以及 DEMO 详见：http://openpear.org/repository/Net_TokyoTyrant/

注：在32位操作系统下，作为 Tokyo Tyrant 后端存储的 Tokyo Cabinet 数据库单个文件不能超过2G，而64位操作系统则不受这一限制。所以，如果使用 Tokyo Tyrant，推荐在64位CPU、操作系统上安装运行。在编译Tokyo cabinet的时候，使用如下编译选项就可以突破2G限制：--enable-off64

项目中运用的实例：统计论坛中帖子的点击数量

<?php
define('TT_PATH', substr(dirname(__FILE__), 0, -7));
require_once(TT_PATH.'/bbs/TokyoTyrant.php');

$ttObject = new Net_TokyoTyrant();

$memObject = new Memcache();
//连接TT
$memObject->connect('192.168.1.111',1979);

//写入点击数以 fid_$fid 为 Key 保存对应的域名值
function hitsSet($fid, $num)
{
global $memObject;
$hitskey = "fid_".$fid; //key
$res = $memObject->get($hitskey );
if(empty($res)) {
$memObject->set($hitskey ,$num); //设置 fid_id=>num
} else {
$memObject->replace($hitskey , $num); //重置替换
}
$memObject->close(); //一定要记得关闭，否则 TIME_OUT 进程会越来越多
}

//获取点击数
function hitsGet($fid)
{
global $memObject;
$groupkey = "fid_".$fid; //key
$res = $memObject->get($fid); //获取value
$num = empty($res) ? '0' : $res;
return $num;
$memObject->close();
}

?>

注：序列化问题
在实际应用中更常用 memcache 协议使用ttserver，当我们从中取数据时，会是一个序列化的字符串，没有自动反序列化处理，但在memcached服务器上却是自动反序列化的哦。这样我们先将数据取出，如： a:1:{s:5:"value";s:14:"this is a value";} ，再利用 unserialize() 函数反序列化就可以使用了。

呼叫中心定义

2009-11-15T22:36:00.000-08:00

什么是呼叫中心系统？

呼叫中心（Call Center，又称客户服务中心）.

该叫法起源于发达国家对服务质量的需求，其主旨是通过电话、传真等形式为客户提供迅速、准确的咨询信息以及业务受理和投诉等服务，通过程控交换机的智能呼叫分配、计算机电话集成、自动应答系统等高效的手段和有经验的人工座席，最大限度地提高客户的满意度，同时自然也使企业与客户的关系更加紧密，是提高企业竞争力的重要手段。随着近年来通信和计算机技术的发展和融合，呼叫中心已被赋予了新的内容：分布式技术的引入使人工座席代表不必再集中于一个地方工作；自动语音应答设备的出现不仅在很大程度上替代了人工座席代表的工作，而且使呼叫中心能24小时不间断运行；Internet和通信方式的革命更使呼叫中心不仅能处理电话，还能处理传真、电子函件、Web访问，甚至是基于Internet的电话和视频会议。因此，现在的呼叫中心已远远超出了过去的定义范围，成为以信息技术为核心，通过多种现代通信手段为客户提供交互式服务的组织。
更重要的是，呼叫中心的服务范围已从最初咨询和投诉，延伸到每一个客户的售前、售中、售后服务等客户经营、生产、管理的全过程，是企业与客户交流的主要手段，已逐步成为企业的"统一对外联系窗口"。呼叫中心也从功能划分为三种大的类型，即电话市场宣传（Telemarketing）、电话销售（Telesales）和电话服务（Teleservice）。这三大类功能再与不同的行业相结合，就形成了呼叫中心的各种典型应用。

呼叫中心作为一种能充分利用现有通信手段和计算机技术的全新现代化服务方式，已引起越来越多人的关注。随着全球范围内商业竞争的日趋激烈，企业更是将呼叫中心视为在竞争中出奇制胜的法宝。近年来，呼叫中心在世界各地都呈现出高速发展的局面，全球每年由呼叫中心促成的销售额已高达6500亿美元。专家预测，在即将来临的二十一世纪，呼叫中心将迅速发展成为全球商业竞争的焦点。

建立呼叫中心的意义

在日益激烈的市场竞争中，除了在技术先进性、产品质量、产品价格等传统方面竞争外，更多地竞争开始集中对客户的服务质量上面。企业必须提供更丰富的服务手段以满足客户随时随地请求服务的需要，同时需要让客户按照自己的方式来享受服务。怎样为客户提供优质的服务、怎样及时地了解客户的需要并作出及时的行动、怎样对客户关系进行科学的管理、怎样对客户进行统一的报价、怎样对来电客户进行分析、怎样进行全面的市场分析和及时的市场反馈，呼叫中心系统是目前最完美的解决方案。今天，呼叫中心已经成为现代商战中得以生存的关键因素，一套好的呼叫中心系统意味着客户满意程度的提高，意味着更多的机会，意味着更多的市场份额。。如果没有呼叫中心，相对具有呼叫中心系统的竞争对手，竞争力将大为降低。许多公司已经意识到建立呼叫中心将是他们在竞争中取胜的利器。无疑，一个好的呼叫中心将使企业能够增进用户的洞察力、竞争力、拓宽销售机会、提高雇员生产力。

呼叫中心系统结构
呼叫中心由四个部分组成：客户端、呼叫中心、坐席端、中心数据库。

1．客户端

客户端与呼叫中心的关系不大，只需要向电信局申请中继线，就可将客户端接入呼叫中心。目前，国内常用的中继线是：模拟中继线、ISDN中继线(2B+D)，E1中继线(30B+D)。

2．呼叫控制

呼叫中心部分是呼叫系统的核心，呼叫中心部分决定了服务系统的性能。呼叫中心部分采用板卡方式。可实现智能呼叫分配、自动语音应答、坐席转接等功能。

该呼叫中心采用先进的可编程智能语音平台建立呼叫中心系统，利用语音平台软件可方便的控制呼叫分配、自动语音应答、人工坐席转接等。

CTI服务器的主要功能有：

l 语音的录制，语音文件的编辑与修改；

l 系统流程的编辑与修改；

l 传真文件的编辑与修改；（可选）

l 客户访问的统计与分析；

l 业务代理受话的次数，以及服务时间统计；

l 对业务代理与客户通话的录音、监听、查听；

l 中心数据库管理；（可选）

l 呼叫中心系统维护

3．坐席端

坐席端是为客户提供人工服务的终端设备，通常由坐席电脑和坐席电话组成，由于在打电话的同时，操作电脑很不方便；因此坐席员多使用耳机，并通过电脑控制电话操作。将电话和电脑集成在一起使用，既方便操作电话又方便使用电脑。

4．中心数据库

中心数据库是呼叫中心的信息来源，也是信息存储器，呼叫中心之所以在各个行业得到广泛应用，与中心数据库有很大的关系。由于中心数据库所存储的信息的不同，使呼叫中心的内容更加丰富多彩。能更好地满足客户的不同需求。

四、主要功能模块
自动语音应答（IVR）
自动语音应答（IVR）实际上是一个自动的"业务代理"。通过IVR模块，客户可以利用双音频话机，通过电话按键从该系统中获得预先录制的数字语音信息。

智能选择座席（ACD）
自动呼叫分配系统（ACD）是呼叫中心有别于一般的热线电话系统的重要部分，在一个呼叫中心中，ACD成批的处理来话呼叫，并将这些来话按指定的转接方式传送给具有相关职责或技能的各个业务代理。ACD提高了系统的效率，减少了呼叫中心系统的开销，并使公司能更好的利用客户资源。

录音功能(VR)
呼叫中心中的录音功能能够同时对多条外线和坐席进行录音，是计算机技术和语音技术的完美结合。借助大容量计算机硬盘作为存储介质，完全突破了传统的电话录音概念。此项功能可以将外线拨入或坐席拨出的电话号码，使用的通道号，来电时间或拨出时间等信息记录到数据库当中，以便灵活的录音查询。根据选配的语音卡不同可以实现。

人工座席应答
根据客户的需要，将进行自动语音应答（IVR）的话路转接到人工座席上，客户将和业务代理进行一对一的交谈，接受客户预定、解答客户的疑问或输入客户的信息。

查询统计
需要有效的测定呼叫中心的数据，因此，呼叫中心需要能够对呼叫及响应的时间进行实时的存储、统计、输出，并且具备生成各种报表的功能。强大的统计分析功能包括对各时期（实时、天、月、年）的话务特征的统计，对各时期、各专项业务特征的统计，对各辅导员的工作特征的实时或历史的统计，对统计数据的分析。系统可以根据客户自动查询时，查询的内容，查询的时间生成节点查询数据表，积累客户喜好数据；同时可以统计每个业务代理的话务量，通话时长，以此分析业务代理的服务质量等。

客户信息管理（CRM）
根据来电自动屏幕弹出用户信息，并显示历史电话记录。支持多选一从多个客户中选择其中一个客户。支持对客户资料的管理，能够实现客户资料的精确查找。可以对电话记录管理，并对电话记录分类（投诉、咨询、建议）管理。还具备销售订单、价格管理、预约管理、维修登记、客户回访等功能。

知识库（AMS）
知识库是实现概念检索的前提和基础，知识库管理是保证知识不断更新、不断完善的必要手段。如将企业的产品介绍或者客户经常咨询的问题整理到知识库系统，可以方便座席人员进行信息检索和查阅。使座席人员能够迅速准确的回答客户提出的问题，提高服务质量。

短信网关（SMS）
支持以短信方式与客户进行互动。如新产品推介、生日祝福、会议提醒等功能。

mysql中的order by 不常用语法

2009-10-21T19:51:00.001-07:00

先建一个表，填充些数据：
mysql> create table test(name varchar(10) not null, type varchar(10) not null);
mysql> insert into test(name,type) values
('Apples','Fruit'),
('Bananas','Fruit'),
('Carrots','Veg'),
('Onions','Veg'),
('Beer','Liquid'),
('Water','Liquid'),
('Crackers','Food');
Query OK, 7 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 7 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

这里也有一种更简单的方式
用字符串中 Field()函数来排序。
mysql> SELECT name
-> FROM test
-> ORDER BY FIELD(type,'Veg','Fruit','Food','Liquid');
FIELD ：返回值为str1, str2, str3,……列表中的str 的index。在找不到str 的情况下，返回值为 0 。

mysql> SELECT FIELD('ej', 'Hej', 'ej', 'Heja', 'hej', 'foo');

-> 2

mysql> SELECT FIELD('fo', 'Hej', 'ej', 'Heja', 'hej', 'foo');

-> 0

参考
http://ronaldbradford.com/blog/order-by-the-lesser-known-way-2008-10-27/
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/string-functions.html#function_field